Catalytic upgrading of pyrolytic oils over HZSM-5 zeolite: behaviour of the catalyst when used in repeated upgrading–regenerating cycles

Vitolo, Sandra; Bresci, Bruno; Seggiani, Maurizia; Gallo, Matteo

doi:10.1016/s0016-2361(00)00063-6

Cited by 265 publications

(217 citation statements)

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“…Among these catalysts, HZSM-5 is most effective due to its high activity, strong acidity, and shape selectivity [49,56,71]. HZSM-5 zeolite bio-oil upgrading has effectively transformed bio-oil to liquid biofuel, abundant in aromatic hydrocarbons through deoxygenation, dehydration, decarboxylation, decarbonylation, cracking, oligomerization, alkylation, isomerization, cyclisation and aromatization reactions [72,73]. However, HZSM-5 is easily deactivated by coking, resulting in low yields and short life cycle times.…”

Section: Catalytic Crackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application, Deactivation, and Regeneration of Heterogeneous Catalysts in Bio-Oil Upgrading

et al. 2016

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Abstract:The massive consumption of fossil fuels and associated environmental issues are leading to an increased interest in alternative resources such as biofuels. The renewable biofuels can be upgraded from bio-oils that are derived from biomass pyrolysis. Catalytic cracking and hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) are two of the most promising bio-oil upgrading processes for biofuel production. Heterogeneous catalysts are essential for upgrading bio-oil into hydrocarbon biofuel. Although advances have been achieved, the deactivation and regeneration of catalysts still remains a challenge. This review focuses on the current progress and challenges of heterogeneous catalyst application, deactivation, and regeneration. The technologies of catalysts deactivation, reduction, and regeneration for improving catalyst activity and stability are discussed. Some suggestions for future research including catalyst mechanism, catalyst development, process integration, and biomass modification for the production of hydrocarbon biofuels are provided.

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Section: Catalytic Crackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application, Deactivation, and Regeneration of Heterogeneous Catalysts in Bio-Oil Upgrading

et al. 2016

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, catalytic cracking might be preferred because it has some significant advantages, i.e., it does not require hydrogen, operates at atmospheric pressure, and has a lower operating cost (Huber and Corma 2007). Consequently, the zeolite cracking of pyrolysis oils to fuels and chemicals using HZSM-5 zeolite catalysts, which promote deoxygenation reactions, has attracted significant attention in recent years (Vitolo et al 2001).Presently, the concern of producing green gasoline, particularly gasoline-range aromatics from pyrolysis oil, has aroused attention. Previous studies have demonstrated that gasoline-range hydrocarbons can be produced from pyrolysis oil by catalytic cracking over HZSM-5 catalyst.…”

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confidence: 99%

Catalytic Cracking of Pyrolysis Oil Derived from Rubberwood to Produce Green Gasoline Components

2015

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An attempt was made to generate gasoline-range aromatics from pyrolysis oil derived from rubberwood. Catalytic cracking of the pyrolysis oil was conducted using an HZSM-5 catalyst in a dual reactor. The effects of reaction temperature, catalyst weight, and nitrogen flow rate were investigated to determine the yield of organic liquid product (OLP) and the percentage of gasoline aromatics in the OLP. The results showed that the maximum OLP yield was about 13.6 wt%, which was achieved at 511 C, a catalyst weight of 3.2 g, and an N2 flow rate of 3 mL/min. The maximum percentage of gasoline aromatics was about 27 wt%, which was obtained at 595 C, a catalyst weight of 5 g, and an N2 flow rate of 3 mL/min. Although the yield of gasoline aromatics was low, the expected components were detected in the OLP, including benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylenes (BTEX). These findings demonstrated that green gasoline aromatics can be produced from rubberwood pyrolysis oil via zeolite cracking. University, Had Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand; * Corresponding author: sukritthira.b@psu.ac.th Keywords: Pyrolysis oil; Zeolite cracking; Organic liquid product (OLP); Green gasoline-range aromatics Contact information: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla INTRODUCTIONBiomass represents a potential alternative source of energy, which is an important complement to fossil fuels. As such, it attracted significant attention as a renewable source of energy after the global oil crisis of the 1970s (Demirbas 2007;Lucia 2008;Demirbas et al. 2009). In addition, biomass currently is considered to be the only sustainable source that can be used to produce energy-related products, including electricity, heat, and valuable chemicals such as resins, flavorings, and other materials (Huber et al. 2006;Dodds and Gross 2007).The first generation of biofuels were primarily bioethanol and biodiesel made from sugar, starch, and vegetable oil. To date, such biofuels have been widely produced across several countries and continents, notably Brazil, South America, Europe, and the United States (Charles et al. 2007;Mojoviä et al. 2009); however, they have been produced from food-grade biomass, which could lead to critical concerns related to food security (Gronowska et al. 2009). Therefore, it is very important to be able to produce biofuels from non-food resources such as ligno-cellulosic materials: wood chips, switch grasses and most importantly agricultural wastes, such as sugarcane bagasse, corn stover and rice straw.Pyrolysis oils derived from wood-based biomass are one of the most promising renewable fuels. They are environmentally-friendly candidates because they contain a low content of sulfur compared to fossil-derived oils (Czernik and Bridgwater 2004). Recently, extensive attention has been focused on the technology of fast pyrolysis rather than slow pyrolysis, as the former produces high yield of pyrolysis oil with low water content in a PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE bioresources.com Saad et al. (2015). "Cr...

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“…have been widely studied. They were effective to convert the highly oxygenated compounds to hydrocarbons, but many problems were encountered, such as fast deactivation of the catalysts by coke deposition, low organic liquid yield and the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) [6,7]. Recently, mesoporous catalysts (such as MCM-41, SBA-15, MSU, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Upgrading of Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Vapors with Nano Metal Oxides: An Analytical Py-GC/MS Study

et al. 2010

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Fast pyrolysis of poplar wood followed with catalytic cracking of the pyrolysis vapors was performed using analytical pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The catalysts applied in this study were nano MgO, CaO, TiO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , NiO and ZnO. These catalysts displayed different catalytic capabilities towards the pyrolytic products. The catalysis by CaO significantly reduced the levels of phenols and anhydrosugars, and eliminated the acids, while it increased the formation of cyclopentanones, hydrocarbons and several light compounds. ZnO was a mild catalyst, as it only slightly altered the pyrolytic products. The other four catalysts all decreased the linear aldehydes dramatically, while the increased the ketones and cyclopentanones. They also reduced the anhydrosugars, except for NiO. Moreover, the catalysis by Fe 2 O 3 resulted in the formation of various hydrocarbons. However, none of these catalysts except CaO were able to greatly reduce the acids.

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Catalytic upgrading of pyrolytic oils over HZSM-5 zeolite: behaviour of the catalyst when used in repeated upgrading–regenerating cycles

Cited by 265 publications

References 13 publications

Application, Deactivation, and Regeneration of Heterogeneous Catalysts in Bio-Oil Upgrading

Application, Deactivation, and Regeneration of Heterogeneous Catalysts in Bio-Oil Upgrading

Catalytic Cracking of Pyrolysis Oil Derived from Rubberwood to Produce Green Gasoline Components

Catalytic Upgrading of Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Vapors with Nano Metal Oxides: An Analytical Py-GC/MS Study

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