“…Huo et. al [20] reported a non-pyrophoric, air-stable skeletal Co catalyst (A-SCo) for catalytic transfer hydrogenationof ethyl levulinate into γ-valerolactone (GVL). 96% yield of GVL was obtained over the A-SCo and HZSM-5 at 140°C in presence of i-PrOH.…”
Mesoporous materials have found wide application as catalyst supports. In this study, we have shown that Ru nanoparticles supported on SBA-15 are highly active toward hydrogenation of biomass-derived ethyl levulinate (EL) even at room temperature. A series of Ru loaded SBA-15 (xRu-SBA-15, x = 1, 3, and 5 wt% Ru) were prepared by a deposition-precipitation method and further reduced with NaBH 4 . TEM images suggest that the reduction with NaBH 4 led to the formation of Ru particle with size in range of 1-2 nm. These nely distributed Ru nanoparticles on SBA-15 showed high activity for hydrogenation of C = O group of EL at room temperature and low H 2 pressure (0.5 MPa), with ethyl hydroxyl pentanonate (EHP) selectivity of 97%. Kinetics study showed that the Ru nanoparticles in proper size (2.1 ± 0.1 nm) gave a low apparent activation energy (Ea) about 20 kJ/mol for C = O hydrogenation. Moreover, 3Ru-SBA-15 displayed a good reusability, on which the EL conversion remained stable (~ 80%) after six recycles. The produced EHP could be further converted to gamma valerolactone (GVL) over HZMS-5 e ciently upon thermal treatment.
“…Huo et. al [20] reported a non-pyrophoric, air-stable skeletal Co catalyst (A-SCo) for catalytic transfer hydrogenationof ethyl levulinate into γ-valerolactone (GVL). 96% yield of GVL was obtained over the A-SCo and HZSM-5 at 140°C in presence of i-PrOH.…”
Mesoporous materials have found wide application as catalyst supports. In this study, we have shown that Ru nanoparticles supported on SBA-15 are highly active toward hydrogenation of biomass-derived ethyl levulinate (EL) even at room temperature. A series of Ru loaded SBA-15 (xRu-SBA-15, x = 1, 3, and 5 wt% Ru) were prepared by a deposition-precipitation method and further reduced with NaBH 4 . TEM images suggest that the reduction with NaBH 4 led to the formation of Ru particle with size in range of 1-2 nm. These nely distributed Ru nanoparticles on SBA-15 showed high activity for hydrogenation of C = O group of EL at room temperature and low H 2 pressure (0.5 MPa), with ethyl hydroxyl pentanonate (EHP) selectivity of 97%. Kinetics study showed that the Ru nanoparticles in proper size (2.1 ± 0.1 nm) gave a low apparent activation energy (Ea) about 20 kJ/mol for C = O hydrogenation. Moreover, 3Ru-SBA-15 displayed a good reusability, on which the EL conversion remained stable (~ 80%) after six recycles. The produced EHP could be further converted to gamma valerolactone (GVL) over HZMS-5 e ciently upon thermal treatment.
“…In the realm of catalytic processes from LA to GVL, both noble metals (e.g., Ru, Rh, Pt, Pd, and Au) [9][10][11][12][13][14], and non-precious metals (e.g., Ni, Cu, an Co) are used in the hydrogenation of LA to GVL [5,7,[15][16][17][18][19][20]. Noble metal catalysts generally operate under mild reaction conditions and demonstrate notable catalytic efficiency.…”
The use of eco-friendly biomass as a resource is an efficient way to address the problems of fossil fuel depletion and climate change. In biomass conversion, versatile γ-valerolactone (GVL) is generally obtained from levulinic acid (LA) hydrogenation via a multimetallic catalyst system. Despite conversion efficiency being enhanced in mild conditions due to metal interactions, maintaining high catalyst stability is still a challenge. In this study, we synthesized a surrounded Co0.52Ni0.48@Al2O3-IE catalyst that exhibited excellent alloying and synergistic interaction between the metal constituents. Under relatively mild reaction conditions, the GVL yield over the catalyst exceeded 99% in LA hydrogenation. The catalyst showed no deactivation in a test of five cycles, displaying superiority in stability, possibly due to reasons of the physical isolation of the shell and the alumina retention on the Co-Ni alloys surface caused by the reversibility of exchange equilibrium. The present work demonstrated that a surrounded structured catalyst fabricated by ion exchange (IE) with active metals physically enclosed can lead to high catalytic activity and superior stability.
“…In previous works, we reported a series of researches on the conversion of biomass and wastes into useful chemicals and fuels such as Preparation of sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) from algae, useful chemicals from biomass and so on [25][26][27][28][29] . Herein, we develop a catalyst and base-free, oxidative system for e cient convertion of chitin biomass to lactic acid and other organic acids with hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) under relatively mild conditions, which has not been reported before.…”
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