Catalytic Synthesis of Humic Acids Containing Various Amino Acids and Dipeptides

Wang, T. S. C.; Chen, Jen‐Hshuan; Hsiang, Wei-Min

doi:10.1097/00010694-198507000-00002

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…This indicates that during the humification process amino acids may be stabilized or transformed from bioavailable to less bioavailable associations or both. Some studies show that humification leads to a chemical alteration of amino acids, for example, through polymerization reactions between amino acids and polyphenols ( Wang et al . 1985 ; Kelley & Stevenson 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Content and bioavailability of organic forms of nitrogen in the O horizon of a podzol

Johnsson

Berggren

Kårén

1999

European J Soil Science

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Summary It is often thought that the most important source of nitrogen for plants and microorganisms comes from amino acids and amino sugars when they are hydrolysed in acid conditions. We did a microcosm experiment to test the hypothesis. In the experiment spruce seedlings (Picea abies L. Karst) were grown for 145 days in soil taken from a podzol Oa horizon under a long‐term nitrogen fertilization experiment (control and N‐treated soil). Net changes in different pools of organic N were determined using standard fractionation (acid hydrolysis and pyrophosphate extraction). During the experiment the amino acid and amino sugar pools decreased significantly (14% and 15% for the control and 10% and 17% for the N treatment), whereas no significant change was observed in the non‐amino acid plus non‐amino sugar fraction. On a per organic C basis there was even a significant increase in the non‐amino acid plus non‐amino sugar fraction of 11% for the control and 8% for the N treatment. Pyrophosphate extractions suggest that amino acids or amino sugars associated with the humin fraction were more accessible to microbes and plants than those associated with the humic acid, fulvic acid and hydrophilic substances. The long‐term N fertilization (about 73 kg N ha−1 was added annually as NH4NO3 during a 24‐year period) resulted in an enrichment of all major fractions of organic N, i.e. amino acids, amino sugars and non‐amino acids plus non‐amino sugars. This enrichment was largely the result of small increases in all of the amino acids rather than large increases in just a few.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1985 ; Kelley & Stevenson 1996). During the polymerization the amino acids may lose all or only part of their N, depending on the types of amino acids involved in the reaction ( Wang et al . 1985 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Content and bioavailability of organic forms of nitrogen in the O horizon of a podzol

Johnsson

Berggren

Kårén

1999

European J Soil Science

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“…Wang et al (1985) reported that Ca-illite and an oxisol catalyzed the formation of N-containing HAs in a solution of 12 phenolic compounds mixed with amino acids or dipeptide. They found that Caillite and an oxisol increased both the yields and the nitrogen content of the HAs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalysis of Nontronite in Phenols and Glycine Transformations

Wang

1991

Clays and clay miner.

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Abstract--The catalytic power of Ca-nontronite (0.2-2 urn) for the polycondensation of phenols and glycine and the associated reactions that involve the ring cleavage of phenols and the deearboxylation and deamination of glycine was studied in systems free of microbial activity. At the end ofa 90-hr reaction period, the amount of CO2 released from the Ca-nontronite-glycine-pyrogalloI, Ca-nontronite-glycinecatechol, and Ca-nontronite-glyeine-hydroquinone systems were 5.1, 8.7, and 11.6 times higher, respectively, than those from the respective nontronite-free systems, showing the catalytic role of Ca-nontronite in the ring cleavage of phenols and the decarboxylation of glycine. The release of CO2 and NH3 from the Ca-nontronite-glycine system revealed that Ca-nontronite can catalyze decarboxylation and deamination of glycine. The ability of Ca-nontronite to catalyze the deamination of glycine was substantially enhanced by the presence of a phenol. The visible absorbances at both 472 and 664 nm of the supernatants, the total yields of N-containing humic polymers, and the fractions of glycine converted to nitrogenous polymers indicated that polycondensation of glycine and phenol was greatly catalyzed by Ca-nontronite. The total N-containing humic polymers formed in the systems decreased in the order: Ca-nontroniteglycine-pyrogallol > Ca-nontronite-glycine-cateehol > Ca-nontronite-glycine-hydroquinone > glycinepyrogallol > glycine-hydroquinone > glycine-catechol. The infrared and electron spin resonance spectra of humie acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) formed in the supernatants of the reaction systems were quite similar to those of soil HA and FA. The catalytic power of Ca-nontronite in affecting the ring cleavage of phenols, deamination and decarboxylation of amino acids, and formation ofhumic substances derived from phenols with amino acids in soils and the related environments thus merits attention.

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“…In continental environments, the catalytic activity of the finest soil fractions, particularly clay minerals, in many chemical reactions is well documented, and some researchers even examined their possible role in the origin of life (Cairns Smith, 1966, 1974Friebele et aL, 1980). In particular, the catalytic activity of smectites for polymerization reactions of aromatic molecules has been studied by many authors (Mortland & Halloran, 1976;Sawhney et al, 1984;Wang et al, 1985;Wang & Huang, 1987;Zubkova, 1989;Wang, 1991), who suggested a catalytic role for clays. Boyd & Mortland (1985, Siffert & Naidja (1987) and Naidja & Siffert (1989 studied the role of smectites in many biochemical reactions, such as deamination and decarboxylation reactions of organic acids and amino acids, and in the activity of immobilized enzymes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Influence of Clay Minerals and Exchangeable Cations on the Formation of Humic-Like Substances (Melanoidins) from D-glucose and L-tyrosine

Arfaioli¹

1999

Clay Minerals

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The ability to produce humic-like polymeric compounds, with D-glucose and L-tyrosine as starting materials, was evaluated in different mineral systems: (1) Ca-, A1-and Cu(II)-saturated montmorillonite; (2) Ca-, A1-and Cu(II)-saturated kaolinite; (3) quartz in the presence of two different amounts of the same cations (according to the cation exchange capacity of the clays); and (4) untreated quartz (as control). All systems proved to be effective in the formation of humic-like compounds, particularly quartz, in the presence of cations. The effectiveness in promoting humification reactions was strictly related to the amounts of added cations. In the reaction conditions considered, the humification appears to be due more to the cations than to the type of clay minerals. The clayey systems synthesized more complex (aromatic) substances than the quartz ones.

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Catalytic Synthesis of Humic Acids Containing Various Amino Acids and Dipeptides

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Content and bioavailability of organic forms of nitrogen in the O horizon of a podzol

Content and bioavailability of organic forms of nitrogen in the O horizon of a podzol

Catalysis of Nontronite in Phenols and Glycine Transformations

Influence of Clay Minerals and Exchangeable Cations on the Formation of Humic-Like Substances (Melanoidins) from D-glucose and L-tyrosine

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