Catalytic renovation of non‐edible oil to biodiesel production through sulfated Mg‐Al ₂ O ₃ (10) catalysts

Abstract

Summary Magnesium‐alumina (Mg‐Al2O3) composite was synthesized by sol‐gel method. The SO42− catalyst supported Mg‐Al2O3 was prepared by three different methods such as solution, hydrothermal, and vapor phase. The as‐synthesized materials were characterized by different physicochemical techniques. The acid sites of Mg‐Al2O3 (10) composite were enhanced by depolymerization of triglyceride (jojoba oil) to produce free FFA. Catalyst prepared by hydrothermal methods exhibits high acid sites of 3.44 mmol g−1 of NH3. Sulfidation of catalysts play a vital role in the catalytic conversion of jojoba oil by methanol activation. SO42−/Mg‐Al2O3 (10) catalyst reveals 99% conversion efficiency tested under optimized conditions of jojoba oil to methyl ester (biodiesel). TGA result confirmed the S2/Mg‐Al2O3 (10) catalyst is stable upto 800°C and weight loss of 19.2%. The recyclability of the S2/Mg‐Al2O3 (10) catalyst reveals reasonably acceptable conversion efficiency after sixth cycle and this catalyst is found to be suitable for the industrial biodiesel production.

One-Pot Synthesis of Biodiesel from Acid Oil Using a Switchable Solvent, 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), as a Bifunctional Catalyst

“…Furthermore, the use of edible oils for biodiesel production competes with food resources and can result in food shortages [7]. Consequently, nonedible and waste oils have gained considerable interest as a promising alternative feedstock for biodiesel production [8,9]. However, the nonedible/waste oils contain a high amount of free fatty acid, which leads to a technical challenge in converting oils into biodiesel [10].…”