Catalytic Reaction Model of Suicide

McPherson, Pamela; Sall, Saveen; Santos, Aurianna; Thompson, Willie; Dwyer, Donard S.

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.817224

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 113 publications

(156 reference statements)

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“…In the MGM, the predictability of suicidal ideation was 38.5% due to partial correlations with hopelessness, feeling like a failure, and psychomotor change. Previous studies have also suggested that factors potentially exacerbating suicidal ideation include hopelessness (pessimism about the future), concentration difficulties, low motivation levels, and distress related to serious medical illnesses 103 – 105 . In our DAG, suicidal ideation was dependent on the joint probability distributions of feeling like a failure and hopelessness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health-promoting behavior to enhance perceived meaning and control of life in chronic disease patients with role limitations and depressive symptoms: a network approach

Yun

2023

Sci Rep

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The association between health-related role limitations in the mental and physical subdomains and clinical status (i.e., chronic disease and comorbid depressive symptoms) is mediated by health-promoting behaviors. To enhance health-promoting behaviors in adults with chronic disease, it is necessary to identify item-level associations among targets of health-related monitoring and management. Therefore, the current study used a network approach to examine associations among health-related role limitations, depressive symptoms, existential well-being, socioeconomic position, and health-promoting behavior in adults with chronic disease. A total of 535 adults (mean ± SD age = 62.9 ± 11.9 years; males, n = 231, females, n = 304) who were regularly visiting an outpatient clinic for chronic disease treatment participated in this cross-sectional study. Data on participant demographics, chronic disease diagnoses, socioeconomic status, health-related role limitations (12-item short form survey scores), depressive symptoms (patient health questionnaire-9 scores), existential well-being (scores for four items of the McGill quality of life questionnaire-Revised), and health-promoting behavior (Healthy Habits Questionnaire scores) were acquired. “Undirected regularized partial correlations” and “directional joint probability distributions” among these variables were calculated using a mixed graphical model (MGM) and directed acyclic graph (DAG). In the MGM, the most influential nodes were emotional well-being, feelings of failure, and health-related limitations affecting usual role and physical activities. According to both the MGM and DAG, the relationship between emotional well-being and feelings of failure mediated the relationships of health-related role limitations with concentration difficulty and suicidal ideation. A positive mindset was dependent on the probability distributions of suicidal ideation, controllability of life, and positive self-image. Both the meaning of life and a positive mindset had direct associations with proactive living. Specifically, proactive living was associated with a balanced diet, regular exercise, volunteering in the community, and nurturing intimacy in social interactions. The meaning and controllability of life in individuals with chronic diseases could mediate the relationships of health-promoting behavior with health-related limitations related to usual role activities, physical activities, and depressive symptoms. Thus, interventions targeting health-promoting behaviors should aim to enhance the meaning and controllability of life (as it pertains to limitations in usual role and physical activities), as well as promote proactive screening and timely psychiatric treatment of depressive symptoms including feelings of failure, concentration difficulties, and suicidal ideation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health-promoting behavior to enhance perceived meaning and control of life in chronic disease patients with role limitations and depressive symptoms: a network approach

Yun

2023

Sci Rep

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“…Diminished motivation to engage in life activities (known as anhedonia) is a hallmark feature of major depression and other psychiatric disorders and is also akin to the hopelessness or despair underlying suicidal ideation and behavior [57]. Elsewhere, we have discussed in detail how diminished motivation contributes to STBs [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We hypothesized that mutations in the C. elegans counterparts of suicide risk genes may produce relevant phenotypes, namely diminished motivation to search for food [40,43]. As a representative sample, we selected 17 strains for behavioral testing based on the criteria that mutations were not lethal or associated with phenotypes severe enough to interfere with testing.…”

Section: Elegans Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The failure of certain C elegans mutants to engage in goal-directed behavior following food deprivation has previously been likened to suicidal behavior because animals remain immobile for more than 10 days or until they die without trying to locate food or escape from harmful conditions [40]. Reduced goal-directed behavior re ects diminished motivation and resembles anhedonia and hopelessness [43] -two major risk factors for depression and STBs. In C. elegans, motivation to forage for food is regulated by insulin signaling [41], which is signi cant because defective insulin signaling in humans is not only associated with diabetes, but also apathy [44], depression [45] and suicide [46].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolutionary conservation of suicide risk genes that produce a diminished motivation phenotype corrected by clozapine, lithium and antidepressants

Ajayi,

Thomas,

Nikoloc

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Genome wide association studies (GWAS) and candidate gene analyses have identified genetic variants and genes that may increase the risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs). Important unresolved issues surround these tentative risk variants such as the characteristics of the associated genes and how they might elicit STBs. Suicide risk genes were identified by comprehensive literature search and were characterized with respect to evolutionary conservation, participation in gene interaction networks and associated phenotypes. Evolutionary conservation was established with database searches and BLASTP queries, whereas gene-gene interactions were ascertained with GeneMANIA. We then examined whether mutations in risk-gene counterparts in C. elegans produced a diminished motivation phenotype previously connected to suicide risk factors. From the analysis, 105 risk-gene candidates were identified and found to be: 1) highly conserved during evolution, 2) enriched for essential genes, 3) involved in significant gene-gene interactions, and 4) associated with psychiatric disorders, metabolic disturbances and asthma/allergy. Evaluation of 17 mutant strains with loss-of-function/deletion mutations in suicide risk-gene orthologs revealed that 11 mutants showed significant evidence of diminished motivation that manifested as immobility in a foraging assay. Immobility was corrected in some or all of the mutants with clozapine, lithium and tricyclic antidepressant drugs. In addition, 5-HT2 receptor and muscarinic receptor antagonists restored goal-directed behavior in most or all of the mutants. These studies increase confidence in the validity of the suicide risk genes and provide initial clues about possible mechanisms that mediate STBs.

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“…On the question of why people die by suicide, several psychological models have been proposed to describe the journey from not being suicidal to suicide attempts or death by suicide (e.g., [82,105,113]).…”

Section: Suicide Is a Major Public Health Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

Turing and Van Gogh walk into a bar

Berkelmans

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Over 700,000 people a year. That's how many people die due to suicide worldwide. It is therefore incredibly important to implement effective prevention interventiosn. However, for most of these interventions it is crucial to know which subgroups in the population to target. The first part of this thesis focuses entirely on this problem, and approaches it through the lens of big data. Using data from Statistics Netherlands we start out looking at demographic data, and whether we can identify groups of high risk by their demographic features. We find many of these groups, such as men, those of middle age, those on benefits, and those living alone. We then consider whether there are intersections of these populations that are at higher risk than you would expect if these risk factors act independently. Again we find multiple unexpected groups such as male widowers, and people with a low level of education between ages 25 and 40. We subsequently looked at medication usage, and found that a great deal of classes of medication were associated with a heightened risk of suicde. The second part focuses on the theoretical questions that arose in relation to the first part: how do you decide which features to include, is it possible to quantify dependence between observer variables? We started out designing a measure of dependence which answers the second of these questions. We showed it had a number of basic properties you would expect such a measure to have, and showed none of the reasonably commonly used measures have these properties. We then extended this to a measure of feature importance by considering how much a feature contributes to the dependency of the outcome on "coalitions" of features. We then examined certain basic properties and showed our notion of feature importance satisfied all of them, whereas most other feature importance methods had less than half, with none having more than 13 of the 20 properties.

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Catalytic Reaction Model of Suicide

Cited by 6 publications

References 113 publications

Health-promoting behavior to enhance perceived meaning and control of life in chronic disease patients with role limitations and depressive symptoms: a network approach

Health-promoting behavior to enhance perceived meaning and control of life in chronic disease patients with role limitations and depressive symptoms: a network approach

Evolutionary conservation of suicide risk genes that produce a diminished motivation phenotype corrected by clozapine, lithium and antidepressants

Turing and Van Gogh walk into a bar

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