Catalytic pyrolysis of liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) in a fixed-bed reactor: Effects of pyrolysis parameters on product yields and character

Aysu, Tevfik; Durak, Halil

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2014.11.017

Cited by 46 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Plant stalks could be used for bio-oil and high added value chemicals production after pyrolysis. (21) According to Aysu and Durak (28) the highest yield of bio-oil produced by liquorice stalks was achieved at 500 °C in the presence of borax catalyst. There is also a growing demand to the A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 6 upcoming use of liquorice extract as a foaming agent.…”

Section: Distribution and Usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical composition, health effects, and crop management of liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabraL.): Α medicinal plant

Karkanis

Martins

Petropoulos

et al. 2016

Food Reviews International

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Liquorice has been widely appreciated as an important medicinal plant. Its rhizomes and roots have been used for centuries in traditional medicine due to their renowned therapeutic properties. However, increasing market demands and irrational harvesting of wild liquorice plants has rendered the cultivation of the species of major importance. This review, presents aspects related with chemical composition and health effects of the species, and the effect of various cultivation practices. Particular interest is given on glycyrrhizin and its extraction procedures, since it is the main bioactive compound of liquorice roots and its content determines the final product quality.

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Section: Distribution and Usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical composition, health effects, and crop management of liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabraL.): Α medicinal plant

Karkanis

Martins

Petropoulos

et al. 2016

Food Reviews International

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“…Aysu and Durak [9] did a research in 2015 to study the effects of temperature and catalyst on thermal pyrolysis of liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.). Experiment was performed with different catalysts (ZnO, FeCl 3 , K 2 CO A research to study the primary products from thermal pyrolysis of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose was performed in 2020 by Senneca et al [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Pyrolysis of Used Tyres to Produce Liquid Fuel: Process Optimization and How It Compares to Microwave Pyrolysis

et al. 2022

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Used tyres are not biodegradable, and the current methods of disposal pose a threat to the environment. Such tyres can be valorised through decomposition to produce liquid fuel, an alternative diesel fuel, using thermal pyrolysis technique. Microwave pyrolysis is an alternate method which uses microwave irradiation, saves energy, and is better environmentally. The main objective of this study was to perform microwave pyrolysis of used tyres to produce liquid fuel and compare with thermal pyrolysis. The specific objectives were to study the effects of pyrolysis operating variables and optimization of liquid fuel yield for thermal pyrolysis, compare with microwave pyrolysis, and characterize the liquid fuel. Thermal pyrolysis variables were reaction temperature, reaction time, and particle size. Thermal pyrolysis reaction temperatures were 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, and 700°C; reaction time 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 100, and 120 minutes. Particle sizes were 25, 50, 60, 100, 125, and 200mm2. Thermal pyrolysis was carried out in furnace fabricated using furnace clay rated 600 W. A 500 ml round bottomed flask was used as a reactor. Design Expert 13 was used for data analysis and optimization, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for chemical composition analysis, while physiochemical properties were tested using standard methods. The yield of the liquid product was correlated as a quadratic function of the reaction variables. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to study the effects of operating variables and identify points of optimal yields. The yield decreased as particle size increased. Yield increased with increase in temperature optima being 500°C. Yield increased with increase in reaction time, and the pyrolysis time was 80 minutes. The highest liquid yield of 40.4 wt. % corresponded to temperature of 500°C, time of 80 min for 60 mm2 size. The calorific value for liquid fuel was 47.31 MJ/kg and GC-MS analysis showed that the oil comprised of complex mixtures of organic compounds with limonene, toluene, and xylene as major components. When compared to the published literature on microwave pyrolysis, both processes gave similar maximum yield but microwave process was superior due to a 77.5% reduction in reaction time, resulting in a 73.02% saving in energy requirement.

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“…Bio‐char is used as a carbon source for producing various carbon‐based materials and bio‐oil is used as a chemical feedstock for valuable chemical products 14 . There have been several studies of biomass pyrolysis and respective product characterization, mainly focused on lignocellulosic biomass, such as woody 15 and herbaceous 16,17 plants. This type of biomass is used because it is a renewable and abundant resource 18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis of microalgae biomass over carbonate catalysts

Ferreira

Dias

2020

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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Microalgae are seen as potential biomass to be used in a biorefinery concept. Several technologies can be used to convert microalgal biomass, but pyrolysis is viewed as a unique pathway to obtain valuable chemicals distributed in three phases: liquid (bio-oil), gas (bio-gas) and solid (bio-char). The liquid phase, bio-oil, usually presents higher heating value than raw biomass, but acidity and oxygen content are major drawbacks. In situ catalyzed pyrolysis can help to decrease the oxygen content and acidity of pyrolytic bio-oils. Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus were pyrolyzed in a fixed-bed reactor using commercial carbonate catalysts (Li 2 CO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , MgCO 3 , SrCO 3 and MnCO 3). The catalysis pyrolysis temperature (375°C) was selected from thermal degradation profiles obtained using thermogravimetry under nitrogen flow and corresponds to the maximum degradation rate for both microalgae. In spite of similar volatile and fixed carbon contents, microalgae performed differentially during pyrolysis mainly due to the different contents of carbohydrates, oils and proteins. Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus showed bio-oil yield in the range 26-38 and 28-50 wt%, respectively. Only sodium carbonate was able to decrease the bio-char yield, confirming that carbonate catalysts prompt simultaneously gasification and carbonization reactions. Fourier transform infrared spectra of produced bio-oils showed a net decrease of acidity, associated with carbonyl species when carbonate catalysts were used. Bio-char morphology, for both microalgae, showed evidence of melting and resolidification of cell structures, which might be due to the lower melting points of the pyrolysis products obtained from proteins and lipids.

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Catalytic pyrolysis of liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) in a fixed-bed reactor: Effects of pyrolysis parameters on product yields and character

Cited by 46 publications

References 67 publications

Phytochemical composition, health effects, and crop management of liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabraL.): Α medicinal plant

Phytochemical composition, health effects, and crop management of liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabraL.): Α medicinal plant

Thermal Pyrolysis of Used Tyres to Produce Liquid Fuel: Process Optimization and How It Compares to Microwave Pyrolysis

Pyrolysis of microalgae biomass over carbonate catalysts

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