Catalytic pyrolysis of biomass for biofuels production

French, Richard J.; Czernik, Stefan

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.08.011

Cited by 700 publications

(393 citation statements)

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“…7. Small peaks of CH 4 and H 2 were also detected. This implies that the lignin pyrolysis accompanies minor dehydrogenation and demethanation in the first decomposition step.…”

Section: Analysis Of Lignin Pyrolysis Productsmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Kinetics and reaction chemistry for slow pyrolysis of enzymatic hydrolysislignin and organosolv extracted lignin derived from maplewood

et al. 2012

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The kinetics and reaction chemistry for the pyrolysis of Maplewood lignin were investigated using both a pyroprobe reactor and a thermogravimetric analyser mass spectrometry (TGA-MS). Lignin residue after enzymatic hydrolysis and organosolv lignin derived from Maplewood were used to measure the kinetic behaviours of lignin pyrolysis and to analyse pyrolysis product distributions. The enzymatic lignin residue pyrolyzed at lower temperature than that of organosolv lignin. The differential thermogravimetric (DTG) peaks for pyrolysis of the enzymatic residue were more similar to the DTG peaks for pyrolysis of the original Maplewood than DTG of the organosolv lignin. The condensable liquid volatile products were collected from a Pyroprobe reactor with a liquid nitrogen trap. The primary monomeric phenolic compounds were guaiacol, syringol, and vanillic acid. However, only 14-36 carbon% of the sample could be detected by GC-MS. Over 60 carbon% of the condensable products were heavy tar molecules that are not detectable by GC-MS. These heavy tar molecules are the primary products from pyrolysis of lignin. Intermediate solid samples were also collected at various pyrolysis temperatures and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, DP-MAS 13 C NMR, and TOC. The methoxy groups and ether linkages decreased and the non-protonated aromatic carbon-carbon bonds increased in the solid residues as the pyrolysis temperature increased. The carbon content of the initial lignin feed (derived from enzymatic hydrolysis) and the solid polyaromatics residue (obtained at 773 K) was 58 wt% and 74 wt% respectively. This polyaromatic residue contained about 69 wt% of the original lignin feed. The solid polyaromatics undergo further slow decomposition accompanied by a constant release of carbon dioxide as the pyrolysis reaction continues. The pyrolysis of the enzymatic lignin residue was modelled by two reactions in series. In the first pyrolysis step the lignin was decomposed with an apparent activation energy of 74 kJ mol -1 and a heat of reaction of -8,780 kJ kg -1 . The second pyrolysis step had an apparent activation energy of 110 kJ mol -1 and a heat of reaction of -2,819 kJ kg -1 . Lignin pyrolysis has lower activation energies and higher heats of reaction than cellulose pyrolysis.

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“…7. Small peaks of CH 4 and H 2 were also detected. This implies that the lignin pyrolysis accompanies minor dehydrogenation and demethanation in the first decomposition step.…”

Section: Analysis Of Lignin Pyrolysis Productsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…A kinetic model for cellulose was applied to estimate the weight changes of cellulose fraction and overall weight change of the pyrolysis of lignin residue was calculated based on the summation rule. 65 The overall weight observed in TGA for the pyrolysis of lignin residue is shown in eqn (4).…”

Section: Kinetic Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics and reaction chemistry for slow pyrolysis of enzymatic hydrolysislignin and organosolv extracted lignin derived from maplewood

et al. 2012

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“…However, some recent studies on crop stems (Stals et al, 2010), wood (French & Czernik, 2010) and coconut shells (Siengchum, Isenberg, & Chuang, 2013) have demonstrated the use of fixed-bed batch reactors for HHR pyrolysis. Moreover, a typical HHR pyrolysis is performed with a short vapor residence time of 1-5 s, while some studies reveal residence times of 30-88 s in the pyrolysis of rise husk (Tsai, Lee, & Chang, 2007) and cotton seed (Putun, 2010) in fixed-bed reactors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physico-Chemical Properties of Bio-Oils from Pyrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass with High and Slow Heating Rate

Nanda¹,

Mohanty²,

Koziński³

et al. 2014

EER

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Bio-oil is a major product of biomass pyrolysis that could potentially be used in motor engines, boilers, furnaces and turbines for heat and power. Upon catalytic upgrading, bio-oils can be used as transportation fuels due to enhancement of their fuel properties. In this study, bio-oils produced from lignocellulosic biomasses such as wheat straw, timothy grass and pinewood were estimated through slow and high heating rate pyrolysis at 450 °C. The slow heating rate (2 °C/min) pyrolysis resulted in low bio-oil yields and high amount of biochars, whereas the high heating rate (450 °C/min) pyrolysis produced significant amount of bio-oils with reduced biochar yields. The physico-chemical and compositional analyses of bio-oils were achieved through carbon-hydrogen-nitrogen-sulfur (CHNS) studies, calorific value, Fourier transform-infra red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The yields of bio-oils produced from the three biomasses were 40-48 wt.% through high heating rate pyrolysis and 18-24 wt.% through slow heating rate pyrolysis. The chemical components identified in bio-oils were classified into five major groups such as organic acids, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and phenols. The percent intensities of hydrogen and carbon containing species were calculated from 1 H and 13 C-NMR. The study on bio-oils from herbaceous and woody biomasses revealed their potentials for fossil fuel substitution and bio-chemical production.

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“…Pyrolysis involves thermochemical decomposition of organic matter at 400-600 °C in absence of oxygen and produces oxygenated bio-oil as well as biochar and non-condensable gases as coproducts [28][29][30][31][32]. Pyrolysis oil can be catalytically converted to high-octane hydrocarbon biofuels in the gasoline and diesel range [29,33,34], while several uses for the bio-char including (1) a soil amendment or (2) combustion to produce electricity are actively being investigated [35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. Agrawal and Singh presented a conceptual design of a hydrogen bio-oil process using fast pyrolysis and hydrodeoxygenation for producing liquid transportation fuels that require only modest quantities of supplementary H2 [42].…”

Section: Legendmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Sustainable Biofuel Processes and Supply Chains: Challenges and Opportunities

et al. 2015

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Abstract:The current methodological approach for developing sustainable biofuel processes and supply chains is flawed. Life cycle principles are often retrospectively incorporated in the design phase resulting in incremental environmental improvement rather than selection of fuel pathways that minimize environmental impacts across the life cycle. Further, designing sustainable biofuel supply chains requires joint consideration of economic, environmental, and social factors that span multiple spatial and temporal scales. However, traditional life cycle assessment (LCA) ignores economic aspects and the role of ecological goods and services in supply chains, and hence is limited in its ability for guiding decisionmaking among alternatives-often resulting in sub-optimal solutions. Simultaneously incorporating economic and environment objectives in the design and optimization of emerging biofuel supply chains requires a radical new paradigm. This work discusses key research opportunities and challenges in the design of emerging biofuel supply chains and provides a high-level overview of the current "state of the art" in environmental sustainability assessment of biofuel production. Additionally, a bibliometric analysis of over 20,000 biofuel research articles from 2000-to-present is performed to identify active topical areas of research in the biofuel literature, quantify the relative strength of connections between various biofuels research domains, and determine any potential research gaps. OPEN ACCESSProcesses 2015, 3 635

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Catalytic pyrolysis of biomass for biofuels production

Cited by 700 publications

References 18 publications

Kinetics and reaction chemistry for slow pyrolysis of enzymatic hydrolysislignin and organosolv extracted lignin derived from maplewood

Kinetics and reaction chemistry for slow pyrolysis of enzymatic hydrolysislignin and organosolv extracted lignin derived from maplewood

Physico-Chemical Properties of Bio-Oils from Pyrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass with High and Slow Heating Rate

Design of Sustainable Biofuel Processes and Supply Chains: Challenges and Opportunities

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