Catalytic pyrolysis and kinetic study of real-world waste plastics: multi-layered and mixed resin types of plastics

Kremer, Irma; Tomić, Tihomir; Katančić, Zvonimir; Erceg, Matko; Papuga, Saša; Vuković, Jelena Parlov; Schneider, Daniel Rolph

doi:10.1007/s10098-021-02196-8

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The shapes of DTG peaks of the samples with catalyst were similar to those of the original samples, indicating that the decomposition was accelerated in the presence of a catalyst, with negligible change in the reaction mechanism. The catalyst used in this study [37] had a low SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio, which was correlated with higher acidity and high reactivity on the surface when gas-solid processes took place [49]. As a result of this catalyst property, the activation energy of the pyrolytic process decreases, resulting in the decomposition of the sample at lower temperatures and consequently lowering the energy consumption.…”

Section: Thermogravimetric Analysismentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Therefore, in our previous study, we contacted the largest producer of MPFP in Croatia to obtain the most common samples that were found during MPFP waste analysis. Those samples were containers for fresh meat and quick-prep food, various snacks, and frozen food packaging [37]. The representative samples were collected from the company together with the data about the shares of polymers in the products and their typical usage.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A powdered ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst defined by the MFI (Mobil Five) crystal structure (Grace, Worms, Germany) and loaded with iron (III) oxide was used in these experiments. The properties and characterization of the synthesized catalyst were described in a previous study [37]. Some of the main characteristics of the catalyst are a pore diameter ranging from 2.5 to 5 nm, a surface area of 135 m 2 g −1 , an average particle size of 82 µm and a SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio of 4.07.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is essential to know the content of the input material so that the other operating variables (temperature, residence time, and catalyst-to-polymer ratio) in the reactor may be adjusted appropriately to produce a high-quality output [36]. During the manual sorting of mechanically non-recyclable post-consumer waste, a large volume of plastic waste labelled as "other" or category 7 plastics (according to the Resin Identification Code system) was discovered in our earlier research [37]. The FTIR analysis was employed to quickly identify polymers and demonstrated that the "other" plastics comprised a minimum of two layers, as the exterior and interior sides of the package were distinct.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was found that PET and PE were present in the outer and inner layers of almost every sample, respectively, while PP was found rarely in the inner layer. Based on a large number of studied waste samples [37], a realistic blend of MPFP with specified polymer ratios was chosen in the present investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Zeolite Catalyst on the Pyrolysis Kinetics of Multi-Layered Plastic Food Packaging

et al. 2022

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Pyrolysis is gaining more significance as a technology used to produce alternative fuels and chemicals. This study dealt with the catalytic pyrolysis of a realistic waste mixture of multi-layered plastic food packaging. The thermal behavior, kinetic parameters, and kinetic model of multi-layered plastic food packaging pyrolysis were determined to show its potential for process scale-up. In particular, we aimed to evaluate the effect of a ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst, modified with iron(III) oxide. The pyrolysis process on this decagonal structure was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis under nitrogen flow at four heating rates ranging between 40 and 600 °C. The kinetic study was conducted using the model-free isoconversional Friedman method as well as advanced statistical analysis to determine the reaction mechanism of the process. The thermal decomposition occurred in the range of 350–510 °C, with a mass loss greater than 90%. The kinetic study revealed a complex pyrolysis process, which consisted of three decomposition stages, diffusion, and Avrami-Erofeev reaction types. The activation energy values determined by the Friedman method rose with the degree of conversion, from 127 kJ mol−1 at 0.01 to 219 kJ mol−1 at 0.95. The doping of the catalyst lowered the activation energy of the reaction by 44% and 8% in the first and second stages, respectively, and increased the acidity of the zeolites, thus enhancing the reactivity on the surface of the catalysts. Lower activation energy meant less energy was required to heat the pyrolysis reactor since the onset temperature of sample decomposition was reduced.

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Section: Thermogravimetric Analysismentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Zeolite Catalyst on the Pyrolysis Kinetics of Multi-Layered Plastic Food Packaging

et al. 2022

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A review on catalytic pyrolysis of municipal plastic waste

Biakhmetov,

Dostiyarov,

et al. 2023

WIREs Energy & Environment

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Plastic pollution is a global issue that severely threatens the environment if not managed properly. Plastic waste is widely treated in unsustainable ways such as landfill and incineration that generally do not contribute to the circular economy or to the principles of the United Nation's sustainable development goals. Catalytic pyrolysis of plastic waste is considered an alternative solution with its potential of recovering fuels and chemicals from the plastic waste that is not recyclable. Here, we described for the first time the main steps required for running an operational pyrolysis plant from a whole system perspective. The recent advancement of plastic pyrolysis technologies is also described to guide the selection of relevant catalysts. The practical applications of products from the plastic pyrolysis are succinctly reviewed. This review will facilitate the development of the capacity to make better decisions upon the design and analysis of plastic pyrolysis processes and systems.This article is categorized under: Sustainable Energy > Bioenergy Climate and Environment > Circular Economy Emerging Technologies > Materials Sustainable Energy > Energy Efficiency

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Sustainability of energy, water and environmental systems: a view of recent advances

Pukšec

Duić

2022

Clean Techn Environ Policy

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Catalytic pyrolysis and kinetic study of real-world waste plastics: multi-layered and mixed resin types of plastics

Cited by 25 publications

References 32 publications

Effect of Zeolite Catalyst on the Pyrolysis Kinetics of Multi-Layered Plastic Food Packaging

Effect of Zeolite Catalyst on the Pyrolysis Kinetics of Multi-Layered Plastic Food Packaging

A review on catalytic pyrolysis of municipal plastic waste

Sustainability of energy, water and environmental systems: a view of recent advances

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