Catalytic purification of tarry fuel gas with carbonate rocks and ferrous materials

Synthesis of Transportation Fuels from Biomass: Chemistry, Catalysts, and Engineering

“…Delgado et al, 87,88 Sutton et al, 61 and Dayton 56 wrote reviews on gas conditioning with dolomite catalysts. Other researchers who have studied dolomite catalysts include Simell and coworkers [89][90][91] and Corella and co-workers. 92,93 The operating conditions for using dolomite catalyst are temperatures from 700 to 100°C and space times from 0.007 to 7 s. 56 Other nonmetallic oxide catalysts used for this reaction include MgO, 87 CaO, 87 and olivine (a magnesium aluminosilicate).…”

Chemical Looping Gasification Using Solid Fuels

“…Iron oxide is active in cracking coal volatiles into methane, 38 which is the most stable hydrocarbon formed from the cracking of coal volatiles up to 1,030 ° C. 39 The reactions between Pittsburgh #8 coal volatiles/tar and the composite Fe 2 O 3 particles in a fi xed bed reveal that 87% of the volatiles either were cracked to methane or were oxidized to CO 2 /H 2 O by the composite particles within a gas residence time of 4.6 seconds at 850 ° C. Thus, if the composite particles are capable of oxidizing methane, then they will be able to oxidize coal volatiles. The methane conversion profi le in a given countercurrent moving -bed reactor is shown in Figure 4.27 of Chapter 4 .…”

Preparation and characterizations of Ni-alumina, Ni-ceria and Ni-alumina/ceria catalysts and their performance in biomass pyrolysis

“…Extensive studies have been reported in the literature to show that iron is very efficient in reduction of hydrocarbon yield, since neutral iron containing minerals, such as dolomite (Ca(Mg x Fe y ) (CO 3 ) 2 ) [8,14,15] or olivine ((Mg x Fe y ) 2 SiO 4 ) [10,16,17] are known for tar cracking and reforming. Moreover, it has also been demonstrated in many studies that iron (III) is responsible for the tar cracking reactions [18,19]. Similarly, Ni-based catalysts have also shown high August, 2011 effectiveness in removing hydrocarbons and in improving product gas quality [20][21][22][23].…”