Catalytic properties, functional attributes and industrial applications of β-glucosidases

Abstract

β-Glucosidases are diverse group of enzymes with great functional importance to biological systems. These are grouped in multiple glycoside hydrolase families based on their catalytic and sequence characteristics. Most studies carried out on β-glucosidases are focused on their industrial applications rather than their endogenous function in the target organisms. β-Glucosidases performed many functions in bacteria as they are components of large complexes called cellulosomes and are responsible for the hydrolysis of short chain oligosaccharides and cellobiose. In plants, β-glucosidases are involved in processes like formation of required intermediates for cell wall lignification, degradation of endosperm’s cell wall during germination and in plant defense against biotic stresses. Mammalian β-glucosidases are thought to play roles in metabolism of glycolipids and dietary glucosides, and signaling functions. These enzymes have diverse biotechnological applications in food, surfactant, biofuel, and agricultural industries. The search for novel and improved β-glucosidase is still continued to fulfills demand of an industrially suitable enzyme. In this review, a comprehensive overview on detailed functional roles of β-glucosidases in different organisms, their industrial applications, and recent cloning and expression studies with biochemical characterization of such enzymes is presented for the better understanding and efficient use of diverse β-glucosidases.

Food waste: a potential bioresource for extraction of nutraceuticals and bioactive compounds

“…Plant cell walls contain polysaccharides such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectins which act as barriers to the release of intracellular substances. Enzymes such as cellulase, β-glucosidase, xylanase, β-gluconase, and pectinase help to degrade cell wall structure and depolymerize plant cell wall polysaccharides, facilitating the release of linked compounds (Moore et al 2006;Singh et al 2016). Because of using water as a solvent instead of organic chemicals, the enzyme assisted extraction is recognized as more eco-friendly technology for extraction of bioactive compounds and oil (Puri et al 2012).…”

Microbial β-Glucosidases: Screening, Characterization, Cloning and Applications

“…In addition, β-glucosidase is diverse group of enzymes that catalyze liberation of nonreducing glucosyl terminal residue from different aryl-, alkyl-β-D-glucosides, β-linked disaccharides and short oligosaccharides [10,11]. β-Glucosidase is ubiquitous enzyme found in bacteria, fungi, plant, and animals including noncellulolytic organisms e.g., human [12,13].…”

“…For example, in human, at least five β-glucosidases have been identified which differ in their localization and substrates specificity [16]. Probably the most studied one is the lysosomal acid β-glucosidase (3.2.1.45) which hydrolyzes β-glucosyl linkage of glucosylceramide releasing ceramide and involved in Gaucher's disease pathogenesis [17].…”

Hybrid Nanomaterials of Magnetic Iron Nanoparticles and Graphene Oxide as Matrices for the Immobilization of β-Glucosidase: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biocatalytic Properties

“…Moreover, under certain conditions, they catalyze the synthesis of glycosyl bonds (Bhatia et al, 2002;Chang et al, 2013). β-Glucosidases (bgl) are well-characterized, biologically important enzymes, and have potential for many biotechnological applications, such as biofuel and ethanol production, flavor improvement, and release of aromatic compounds in wine making (Singh et al, 2016;Ahmed et al, 2017). The aim of this work focuses on the investigation of the effect of structural characteristics deriving from different synthetic procedures of hybrid GO-magnetic nanoparticles on the catalytic behavior of bgl.…”