Catalytic performance of H-ZSM-5 zeolites for conversion of ethanol or ethylene to propylene: Effect of reaction pressure and SiO2/Al2O3 ratio

Ultrasensitive hydrazine sensor fabrication based on Co-doped ZSM-5 zeolites for environmental safety

“…The three absorptions located at 1216 cm À1 , 791 cm À1 and 445 cm À1 could be attributed to the T-O bending, symmetric and asymmetric vibrations of the internal tetrahedron of ZSM-5, respectively. [57][58][59][60] The two peaks at 1216 cm À1 and 544 cm À1 could be ascribed to the external asymmetric and the double ve-ring (D5R) vibrations of SiO 4 and AlO 4 tetrahedra in the ZSM-5. [57][58][59][60] The same absorptions can be observed for the other Co-ZSM-5 samples.…”

“…[57][58][59][60] The two peaks at 1216 cm À1 and 544 cm À1 could be ascribed to the external asymmetric and the double ve-ring (D5R) vibrations of SiO 4 and AlO 4 tetrahedra in the ZSM-5. [57][58][59][60] The same absorptions can be observed for the other Co-ZSM-5 samples. Moreover, the obtained spectra revealed the absence of the peak at around 1465 cm À1 attributable to the n 4 mode of vibration of the NH 4 + ion in the zeolite 61 or any absorption related to the presence of cobalt acetate.…”

Bioethanol as a potential eco‐friendlier feedstock for catalytic production of fuels and petrochemicals

“…More specifically, a moderately low Si/Al ratio is advantageous for the production of propylene, 44 and a reasonably increased Si/Al ratio is desirable for the stability of the catalyst. 60 Crystal size is another factor that can play a role in the ability of H-ZSM-5 to convert ethanol to propylene. It was shown that H-ZSM-5 catalyst with reduced crystal sizes (approximately 100 nm) demonstrated superior propylene specificity and stability in contrast to that with large sizes (>100 nm).…”

Olefins from Biomass Intermediates: A Review

“…Moreover, oligomerization/cracking of C 2 H 4 from bio-ethanol can result in C 3 H 6 production [76][77][78]. The direct ethanol to C 3 H 6 process (ETP) has recently been explored, over catalysts such as zeolites [79][80][81] and metal oxide catalysts [82][83][84] in order to increase yield to C 3 H 6 against the most common by-products (i.e., C 2 H 4 , butenes and aromatic hydrocarbons), improve stability and suppress coke formation. Thus, as the yield to C 3 H 6 rarely exceeds 40.0%, the need for novel catalytic materials is imperative [85].…”