Catalytic performance of a Ni catalyst supported on CeO2, ZrO2 and CeO2–ZrO2 in the upgrading of cellulose fast pyrolysis vapors

Biomass pyrolysis: A review of the process development and challenges from initial researches up to the commercialisation stage

“…These catalysts could enhance the production of bio-oil with a high yield. It was observed that Ni/CeO 2 and Ni/SiO 2 produced less valuable compounds [327] . In Table 17 , a summary of non-zeolite condition experiments is presented [328] .…”

Development of Heterogeneous Catalysts for Thermo-Chemical Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass

“…The comparison of the activity of Ni catalysts supported on zirconia prepared with the use of different methods showed that the support structure (phase composition, surface area, and pore structure) and its thermal stability considerably impact the composition of the products of the bio-oil upgrading process. Further experiments devoted to the investigations of Ni/CeO 2 -ZrO 2 catalysts demonstrated that the introduction of ceria into the support structure resulted in the formation of a larger amount of olefins and paraffins in comparison to the catalyst supported on monoxide zirconia [51]. However, in this case the production of a higher yield of carboxylic acids was also observed.…”

Effect of Ceria Addition to Na2O-ZrO2 Catalytic Mixtures on Lignin Waste Ex-Situ Pyrolysis

“…The samples were mixed using a pestle and mortar and then underwent calcination in an electric furnace to the parameters specified in Table 6. The defined temperature for calcination was 900 • C based on previous works that showed a transition from amorphous to crystalline ZrO 2 at 800 • C, hence it was predicted that the synthesised catalytic mixtures would consist of various crystalline phases [14]. During calcination, Na 2 CO 3 evolves carbon dioxide gas leading to the formation of sodium oxide, as shown in Equation (1), as this process is well understood.…”

“…Pyrolysis of biomass and its components has been well studied, paying particular attention to application of catalysts by Direct Deoxygenation (DDO), in order to selectively upgrade the pyrolysis vapour products into bio-oils of desired compositions and reduce O content to minimise H 2 consumption in the following HDO step [11][12][13][14]. Other proposed reactions pathways include alkylation (AL), demethoxylation (DMO), oxidation (OX), demethylation (DME) and hydrogenation (HYD) among others [15][16][17][18].…”