“…In addition to their ability to handle coarse particles, spouted beds also possess certain structural and flow characteristics that are very desirable for some chemical reaction systems. As a result, increasing attention had been paid to the application of spouted beds in chemical processes, including combustion [4][5][6], coal gasification [7,8], catalytic partial oxidation [9,10], catalytic oxidative coupling [11]; catalytic polymerization [12], and pyrolysis [13][14][15][16]. Although numerous promising results in bench-and pilot-scale spouted bed reactors operated under ambient conditions had been reported, the information on large scale spouted beds, especially those operated at high temperature and/or high pressure, was inadequate [17,18].…”