Catalytic (Mo) upgrading of Athabasca bitumen vacuum bottoms via two-step hydrocracking and enhancement of Mo–heavy oil interaction

Dehkissia, Soumaïne; Larachi, Faı̈çal; Chornet, E.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2004.01.003

Cited by 35 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The major upgrading processes at this location are distillation (to separate different hydrocarbons), thermal conversion/coking (to convert the bitumen into lighter, refinable hydrocarbons), catalytic conversion (an enhanced form of thermal conversion), and hydrotreating (the addition of hydrogen to unsaturated molecules to stabilize them). For example the catalytic hydrocracking of Athabasca bitumen vacuum bottoms (ABVBs) produces gaseous by-products including hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S), C 1 -C 7 alkanes and, to a lesser extent, C 2 -C 4 alkenes (Dehkissia et al, 2004).…”

Section: Non-methane Volatile Organic Compounds (Nmvocs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, hydrocracking operations do not appear likely to explain the observed CH 4 enhancements. The catalytic hydrocracking of Athabasca bitumen vacuum bottoms has been found to give a weight per cent yield of 9.3% CH 4 , 10.5% ethane, 15.0% propane and 9.6% C 4 H 10 (Dehkissia et al, 2004), or relative molar yields of roughly 4:2:2:1 for CH 4 :ethane:propane:butanes. Again, this represents much more ethane than we observed, and assuming these hydrocracking yields apply here and are equivalent to emission rates, it does not appear that hydrocracking can be responsible for the high CH 4 excesses that were observed.…”

Section: Co 2 Ch 4 and Comentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Characterization of trace gases measured over Alberta oil sands mining operations: 76 speciated C2–C10 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), CO2, CH4, CO, NO, NO2, NOy, O3 and SO2

et al. 2010

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Abstract. Oil sands comprise 30% of the world's oil reserves and the crude oil reserves in Canada's oil sands deposits are second only to Saudi Arabia. The extraction and processing of oil sands is much more challenging than for light sweet crude oils because of the high viscosity of the bitumen contained within the oil sands and because the bitumen is mixed with sand and contains chemical impurities such as sulphur. Despite these challenges, the importance of oil sands is increasing in the energy market. To our best knowledge this is the first peer-reviewed study to characterize volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from Alberta's oil sands mining sites. We present high-precision gas chromatography measurements of 76 speciated C 2 -C 10 VOCs (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, cycloalkanes, aromatics, monoterpenes, oxygenated hydrocarbons, halocarbons and sulphur compounds) in 17 boundary layer air samples collected over surface mining operations in northeast Alberta on 10 July 2008, using the NASA DC-8 airborne laboratory as a research platform. In addition to the VOCs, we present simultaneous measurements of CO 2 , CH 4 , CO, NO, NO 2 , NO y , O 3 and SO 2 , which were measured in situ aboard the DC-8.Carbon dioxide, CH 4 , CO, NO, NO 2 , NO y , SO 2 and 53 VOCs (e.g., non-methane hydrocarbons, halocarbons, sulphur species) showed clear statistical enhancements (1.1-397×) over the oil sands compared to local background valCorrespondence to: I. J. Simpson (isimpson@uci.edu) ues and, with the exception of CO, were greater over the oil sands than at any other time during the flight. Twenty halocarbons (e.g., CFCs, HFCs, halons, brominated species) either were not enhanced or were minimally enhanced (<10%) over the oil sands. Ozone levels remained low because of titration by NO, and three VOCs (propyne, furan, MTBE) remained below their 3 pptv detection limit throughout the flight. Based on their correlations with one another, the compounds emitted by the oil sands industry fell into two groups: (1) evaporative emissions from the oil sands and its products and/or from the diluent used to lower the viscosity of the extracted bitumen (i.e., C 4 -C 9 alkanes, C 5 -C 6 cycloalkanes, C 6 -C 8 aromatics), together with CO; and (2) emissions associated with the mining effort, such as upgraders (i.e., CO 2 , CO, CH 4 , NO, NO 2 , NO y , SO 2 , C 2 -C 4 alkanes, C 2 -C 4 alkenes, C 9 aromatics, short-lived solvents such as C 2 Cl 4 and C 2 HCl 3 , and longer-lived species such as HCFC-22 and HCFC-142b). Prominent in the second group, SO 2 and NO were remarkably enhanced over the oil sands, with maximum mixing ratios of 38.7 ppbv and 5.0 ppbv, or 383× and 319× the local background, respectively. These SO 2 levels are comparable to maximum values measured in heavily polluted megacities such as Mexico City and are attributed to coke combustion. By contrast, relatively poor correlations between CH 4 , ethane and propane suggest low levels of natural gas leakage despite its heavy use at the surface mining sites. Instead the elevat...

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Section: Non-methane Volatile Organic Compounds (Nmvocs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Co 2 Ch 4 and Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of trace gases measured over Alberta oil sands mining operations: 76 speciated C2–C10 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), CO2, CH4, CO, NO, NO2, NOy, O3 and SO2

et al. 2010

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“…Heavy oils or vacuum residue (VR) is considered as an alternate suitable source for transportation fuels, energy and petrochemicals to fulfill the requirements of modern civilization. Therefore, petroleum refineries will be partially replaced by heavy or extra heavy oil refineries in the near future [7,8]. Huge quantity of oil sand, and bitumen, are also widely distributed and deposited across the globe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of recent advances in catalytic hydrocracking of heavy residues

Sahu

Song

et al. 2015

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry

249

223

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“…According to the United States Energy Information Administration, the world demand for crude oil is expected to grow to 123 million barrels per day by 2025 (Dehkissia, Larachi, & Chornet, 2004). Shrinking supplies in conventional light crude oils are, and will be, increasingly forcing the petroleum industry toward unconventional crude oils and residua.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Crude Oil Recovery Enhancement and In-Situ Upgrading During Steam Injection Using Ni-Co-Mo Dispersed Catalyst

Shuwa

Al‐Hajri

Mohsenzadeh

et al. 2016

Day 2 Tue, March 22, 2016

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Steam injection has become commercially available thermal enhanced oil recovery methods for recovering heavy crudes. Recently, there has been increase in research interest in in-situ catalytic upgrading. In this work, experimental investigations on the application of a new submicron dispersed trimetallic catalyst based on Ni-Co-Mo for enhanced recovery and upgrading of Omani heavy crude oil was conducted. The catalysis effect of the ultra-dispersed Ni-Co-Mo metals generated in-situ from water-in-oil emulsion was studied in the presence of sand packed bed as a porous medium in a steam simulation process. The results from the recovery tests showed a higher oil recovery (15% OOIP) in the presence of the catalyst than base steam injection case. Substantial improvement in quality of produced oil was observed as there was a tremendous reduction in oil's viscosity of about 25% with significant reduction in sulfur (26%), and increase in API gravity (10%). This enhancement of the quality of Produced liquids in terms of increase in API gravity, viscosity and sulfur reduction, is an indication of successful in situ upgrading of the oil. Analysis of solid and gaseous products recovered from the experimental runs conducted with the catalyst showed thermal expansion and viscosity reduction due to catalytic hydrocracking as the dominant mechanisms for oil recovery.

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Catalytic (Mo) upgrading of Athabasca bitumen vacuum bottoms via two-step hydrocracking and enhancement of Mo–heavy oil interaction

Cited by 35 publications

References 10 publications

Characterization of trace gases measured over Alberta oil sands mining operations: 76 speciated C<sub>2</sub>–C<sub>10</sub> volatile organic compounds (VOCs), CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, CO, NO, NO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>y</sub>, O<sub>3</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub>

Characterization of trace gases measured over Alberta oil sands mining operations: 76 speciated C<sub>2</sub>–C<sub>10</sub> volatile organic compounds (VOCs), CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, CO, NO, NO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>y</sub>, O<sub>3</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub>

A review of recent advances in catalytic hydrocracking of heavy residues

Heavy Crude Oil Recovery Enhancement and In-Situ Upgrading During Steam Injection Using Ni-Co-Mo Dispersed Catalyst

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