Catalytic Mesoporous Janus Nanomotors for Active Cargo Delivery

Ma, Xing; Hahn, Klaus-Uwe; Sánchez, Samuel

doi:10.1021/jacs.5b02700

Cited by 351 publications

(303 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…When many motors interact with each other, phenomena such as dynamic clustering, swarming and active phase segregation are observed 20, 21, 22, 23, 24. These features have stimulated research on the design and properties of motors that is aimed at potential applications 5, 12, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemically Propelled Motors Navigate Chemical Patterns

Chen

Kapral

2018

Advanced Science

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Very small synthetic motors that use chemical reactions to drive their motion are being studied widely because of their potential applications, which often involve active transport and dynamics on nanoscales. Like biological molecular machines, they must be able to perform their tasks in complex, highly fluctuating environments that can form chemical patterns with diverse structures. Motors in such systems can actively assemble into dynamic clusters and other unique nonequilibrium states. It is shown how chemical patterns with small characteristic dimensions may be utilized to suppress rotational Brownian motions of motors and guide them to move along prescribed paths, properties that can be exploited in applications. In systems with larger pattern length scales, domains can serve as catch basins for motors through chemotactic effects. The resulting collective motor dynamics in such confining domains can be used to explore new aspects of active particle collective dynamics or promote specific types of active self‐assembly. More generally, when chemically self‐propelled motors operate in far‐from‐equilibrium active chemical media the variety of possible phenomena and the scope of their potential applications are substantially increased.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemically Propelled Motors Navigate Chemical Patterns

Chen

Kapral

2018

Advanced Science

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“…10 These self-propulsive Janus colloids have been the subject of previous investigations, demonstrating promising capabilities including cargo transport directed by external magnetic fields, 19 rectifying microfluidic channels, 20 or proposed methods based on chemotaxis-type effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helical paths, gravitaxis, and separation phenomena for mass-anisotropic self-propelling colloids: Experiment versus theory

Campbell

Wittkowski

Hagen

et al. 2017

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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The self-propulsion mechanism of active colloidal particles often generates not only translational but also rotational motion. For particles with an anisotropic mass density under gravity, the motion is usually influenced by a downwards oriented force and an aligning torque. Here we study the trajectories of self-propelled bottom-heavy Janus particles in three spatial dimensions both in experiments and by theory. For a sufficiently large mass anisotropy, the particles typically move along helical trajectories whose axis is oriented either parallel or antiparallel to the direction of gravity (i.e., they show gravitaxis). In contrast, if the mass anisotropy is small and rotational diffusion is dominant, gravitational alignment of the trajectories is not possible. Furthermore, the trajectories depend on the angular self-propulsion velocity of the particles. If this component of the active motion is strong and rotates the direction of translational self-propulsion of the particles, their trajectories have many loops, whereas elongated swimming paths occur if the angular self-propulsion is weak. We show that the observed gravitational alignment mechanism and the dependence of the trajectory shape on the angular self-propulsion can be used to separate active colloidal particles with respect to their mass anisotropy and angular self-propulsion, respectively.

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“…Fluorescein isothiocyanate and methylene blue were used as a model drugs. The presence of H 2 O 2 did not affect the sustained release kinetics which are beneficial for small cargo loading and targeted delivery [56].…”

Section: Chemical Actuation (Catalytic Reactions)mentioning

confidence: 89%

Micro- and nano-motors: the New Generation of Drug Carriers

2018

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Micro-and nano-motors are emerging as novel drug delivery platforms, offering advantages such as rapid drug transport, high tissue penetration and motion controllability. They can be propelled and/or guided by endogenous (i.e., chemotaxis) or exogenous stimuli (e.g., ultrasound, magnetic fields, light) toward the area of interest. Moreover, such stimuli can be used to trigger the release of a therapeutic payload when the motor reaches certain location in order to improve the drug targeting. In this review article, we highlight medically oriented micro-/nano-motors, in particular the ones created for targeted drug delivery, and discuss their current limitations and possibilities toward in vivo applications. Drug-delivery systems have greatly evolved since 1952, when the first sustained release systems were introduced (see the graphical abstract) [1]. In the 1980s, self-regulated drug release carriers as well as the first drug delivery nanostructures were developed. From then on, research in this field has been focused on improving the targeting and systemic circulation of those carriers as well as to study different nanoparticle-based drug formulations, topics which have been widely reviewed in the literature [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Several nanocarriers (between 5 and 200 nm diameter) have been explored for therapy (e.g. inorganic, polymeric, liposomes, nanocrystals, nanotubes and dendrimers) [8], many of them already approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat, for example, neurovascular diseases, neurological cancers and neurodegenerative maladies [9]. The study of their pharmacokinetics has led to the creation of new carriers with reduced drug dose and protection from efflux or degradation [10]. Most of these nanocarriers include sophisticated surface biofunctionalization and coatings like polyethylene glycol (PEG) [11] or biomimetic modifications, [12] to increase their specificity and circulation time [13]. However, challenges still remain for those carriers such as the improvement of their targeting (currently only about 0.7% -median -of the administrated nanoparticle dose is found to be delivered to a solid tumor [14]), their penetration ability, drug loading capacity and delivery on the subcellular level. Other type of drug carriers are the cellular ones, which have many advantages such Graphical abstract:

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Catalytic Mesoporous Janus Nanomotors for Active Cargo Delivery

Cited by 351 publications

References 61 publications

Chemically Propelled Motors Navigate Chemical Patterns

Chemically Propelled Motors Navigate Chemical Patterns

Helical paths, gravitaxis, and separation phenomena for mass-anisotropic self-propelling colloids: Experiment versus theory

Micro- and nano-motors: the New Generation of Drug Carriers

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