“…In early 2009, various studies were performed to investigate the deoxygenation of non-edible plant oils including jatropha, macauba, rubber seed, castor, and karanja oils into diesel-like hydrocarbon fuels. Among the non-edible plant oils, the conversion of jatropha oil to synthetic diesel oils have been well-investigated due to its high energy density, easy conversion to liquid biofuels, high oil yields at a lower price, ease of establishing and maintaining jatropha plantation [35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. With such growing amount of research projects and activities being taken, it has shown the eagerness and readiness of the academic, industry, and public society in tackling the ethical issues of using edible oils in fuel production.…”