Catalytic Hydroconversion of Ethanol-Soluble Portion from the Ethanolysis of Hecaogou Subbituminous Coal Extraction Residue to Clean Liquid Fuel over a Zeolite Y/ZSM-5 Composite Zeolite-Supported Nickel Catalyst

Abstract

A novel and highly active zeolite Y/ZSM-5 composite zeolite (CZ)-supported nickel catalyst (Ni/CZ with 10% of Ni loading) was prepared by modified deposition−precipitation to uniformly disperse Ni nanoparticles (NNPs) onto CZ. Hecaogou subbituminous coal was exhaustively extracted with isometric carbon disulfide/acetone mixed solvent to afford the extractable portion and inextractable portion (IEP). Ethanol-soluble portion (ESP) was obtained by ethanolyzing the IEP at 300 °C and subjected to catalytic hydroconversion (CHC) over Ni 10% /CZ at 160 °C to afford catalytically hydroconverted ESP (CHCESP). Both ESP and CHCESP were analyzed with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/ MS), and quadrupole exactive orbitrap mass spectrometer. The results show that the relative contents (RCs) of both chain alkanes and hydroarenes in CHCESP are significantly higher than those in ESP and cyclanes and alkenes were only detected in CHCESP, while the RCs of both arenes and oxygen-containing organic compounds in CHCESP are much lower than those in ESP and nitrogen-and/or sulfur-containing organic compounds were only detected in ESP with GC/MS. According to the CHC of oxybis(methylene)dibenzene (OBMDB), Ni 10% /CZ can effectively activate H 2 to biatomic active hydrogen (H•••H) and the resulting H•••H was heterolytically split into an immobile H − attached on Ni/CZ and a mobile H + . H + transfers to an oxygen atom (OA) in OBMDB and cleaves the C−O bridged bond to produce phenylmethanol (PM) and benzylium, followed by H − abstraction from the Ni/CZ surface by benzylium to form toluene. H + transfer to the OA in PM also leads to the cleavage of the C−O bond in PM to produce H 2 O and benzylium, which abstracts H − from the Ni/CZ surface to yield toluene. H•••H transfer to the benzene ring in toluene generates methylcyclohexane. Therefore, Ni 10% /CZ catalyzes both H + and H•••H transfer. In addition, it proved to be stable for the CHC of OBMDB after 3 cycles.

High-Performance Na-CH3ONa/γ-Al2O3 Catalysts for High-Efficiency Conversion of Phenols to Ethers

“…The absorption peak at 1630 cm –1 is caused by the bending vibration of O–H bonds, and the absorption peaks at 1109 cm –1 belongs to methoxy groups. 17 , 18 Compared with the infrared absorption peak of the carrier γ-Al 2 O 3 , a new absorption peak belonging to γ-NaAlO 2 appeared at 1450 cm –1 , which may be caused by the reaction of the added Na-CH 3 ONa and γ-Al 2 O 3 . The intensity of the peak increases with the increased addition of metallic sodium because the loading of sodium causes sodium valence electrons to be taken away by oxygen, which increases the electron cloud density of oxygen atoms, thus causing the enhancement of the infrared absorption peak.…”

Insight into the Compositional Features of Organic Matter in Xilinguole Lignite through Two Mass Spectrometers

“…New MS techniques have emerged in obtaining more information on the molecular weight of coal derivatives. − Quadrupole-Orbitrap MS can accurately determine the molecular formula of organic compounds without chromatographic separation, which possess resolution up to 140,000 at m / z of 200 and a mass accuracy less than 5 ppm. Combined with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source and Orbitrap MS, the molecular formula of compounds can be well detected, especially those containing O, N, and S atoms. , In addition, lignite derivatives contain a large number of heteroatomic compounds. The study of these heteroatomic compounds by high-resolution MS will promote the understanding and utilization of compounds obtained from the lignite soluble portion.…”

“…Combined with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source and Orbitrap MS, the molecular formula of compounds can be well detected, especially those containing O, N, and S atoms. 21 , 22 In addition, lignite derivatives contain a large number of heteroatomic compounds. The study of these heteroatomic compounds by high-resolution MS will promote the understanding and utilization of compounds obtained from the lignite soluble portion.…”

Investigation on the Structural Features of Hanglaiwan Subbituminous Coal and Its Residues from Solvent Extraction and Thermal Dissolution

“…Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPES), FTIRS, and thermogravimeter (TG) are important tools for analyzing R s. The information on particle morphology (PM), including particle size (PS) and particle surface roughness (PSR), bulk element content (BEC) and surface element content (SEC), FG distribution, and ML behavior of the R s, can be obtained with SEM, XRPES, FTIRS, and TG.…”

“…Furthermore, the Rs from SE (Rs SE ) can be used as substrates for TD and catalytic hydroconversion, and the Rs obtained by the TD of Rs SE can be used as raw materials for sequential degradation and catalytic hydroconversion. 25 Thus, an insight into the physicochemical properties of such Rs is essential both for obtaining more information on the structural characteristics of Scanning electron microscope (SEM), 26 X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPES), 27 FTIRS, 28 and thermogravimeter (TG) 29 are important tools for analyzing Rs. The information on particle morphology (PM), including particle size (PS) and particle surface roughness (PSR), bulk element content (BEC) and surface element content (SEC), FG distribution, and ML behavior of the Rs, can be obtained with SEM, XRPES, FTIRS, and TG.…”