Catalytic fast pyrolysis of straw biomass in an internally interconnected fluidized bed to produce aromatics and olefins: Effect of different catalysts

Zhang, Huiyan; Xiao, Rui; Jin, Baosheng; Chen, Ran; Xiao, Guomin

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.031

Cited by 126 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…A similar tendency was observed by Zhang et al (2009a,b) from the results of corncob pyrolysis using zsm-5 and Ecat. Biomass catalytic pyrolysis is composed of two steps: biomass thermal pyrolysis and catalytic conversion of the pyrolysis vapors (Zhang et al, 2013). First, biomasses are rapidly heated and converted into primary organic vapors, non-condensable gas and char, which is a non-catalytic thermal pyrolysis step.…”

Section: Feedstock Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One method is upgrading of the biomass pyrolytic oil using metallic or bifunctional (hydrogenating and acidic) catalysts in a hydrotreating processes as the second step after pyrolysis of the biomass. The other route is catalytic fast pyrolysis, which combines thermal pyrolysis of the biomass with the catalytic reforming processes, for the direct conversion of solid biomass into high quality liquid fuels and chemicals (Zhang et al, 2013). A number of studies have previously reported catalytic pyrolysis of various lignocellulosic biomasses, (mainly woody biomass).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coke and CO were also formed during this process . Results with metallic catalyst like CaO showed that relative abundances of small molecule compounds such as furfural and furan increased with use of CaO by dehydration and ring opening reactions of cellulose (Zhang et al, 2013). The catalysts for catalytic pyrolysis have been well reviewed by many researchers (Stocker, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalytic pyrolysis of palm kernel shell waste in a fluidized bed

Kim

Koo

Lee

2014

Bioresource Technology

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Section: Feedstock Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Catalytic pyrolysis of palm kernel shell waste in a fluidized bed

Kim

Koo

Lee

2014

Bioresource Technology

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“…High coke formation over c-Al 2 O 3 has been reported [30,31]. However, Zhang et al [32] found c-Al 2 O 3 to be an efficient cracking catalyst and produce high fractions of unidentified GC-detected oxygenated products and low char and coke yields. Zhang et al [33] further tested physical mixtures of an HZSM-5 based catalyst and alumina for catalytic pyrolysis of rice stalks in a fluidized bed reactor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Pine Over HZSM-5 with Different Binders

et al. 2015

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Three HZSM-5 catalysts with different binders (alumina, silica, and clay) were evaluated for upgrading of pine pyrolysis vapors. All catalysts were based on the same HZSM-5 with silica to alumina molar ratio of 30. Experiments in micro-scale analytical Py-GCMS/FID showed that fresh catalysts with silica and clay produced predominantly aromatic hydrocarbons at similar carbon yields. The catalyst with alumina gave lower vapor yields and produced both hydrocarbons and partially deoxygenated products, in particular furans. The catalyst with alumina also gave higher coke yields and exhibited faster deactivation than the catalysts with clay and silica binders. The low hydrocarbon yields and coke formation were attributed to the acidic sites provided by alumina and blocking of the zeolite sites. The catalysts with silica and clay as binders were further tested in a 2-inch fluidized bed system for ex situ catalytic pyrolysis of pine. Similar oils were produced over both catalysts with carbon yields of approximately 23 % and oxygen contents of 20-21 %.

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“…Among the forms of utilization, pyrolysis is regarded as a promising method of converting biomass into bio-oil (Bridgwater et al 1999). The pyrolysis of different raw materials (Jiang et al 2010;Lv et al 2013;Liang et al 2015) with various equipment (Lédé et al 2007;Guo et al 2012;Zhang et al 2013) with factors such as temperature (Jiang et al 2010;Lou et al 2010), residence time ( Marsh et al 2004;Guo and Wang 2015), additive and catalyst (Guo et al 2012;Zhang et al 2013;Shao et al 2014), and atmosphere (Chen et al 2008), has been widely investigated. However, the intermediate pyrolysis processes are still obscure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of the Pyrolysis Mechanism of a Dimeric Lignin Model Compound with α-O-4 Linkage

Liu¹,

Deng²,

Wu³

et al. 2016

BioResources

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In this study, 4-benzyloxyphenol was introduced as an α-O-4 dimeric lignin model compound to explore the pyrolysis mechanism of α-O-4 linkage in lignin. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and collision theory were employed to illustrate the pyrolysis process experimentally and theoretically. The results suggest that the pyrolysis of 4-benzyloxyphenol starts from the Cα-O bond homolysis because it has the lowest bond dissociation energy (BDE) (164.9 kJ/mol). Among the four main products, as well as the primary products, the formation of bibenzyl and toluene depend on the probability of molecular collisions, while the formation of p-benzoquinone and hydroquinone is influenced by thermodynamic factors. The minor products, which were basically generated from the secondary pyrolysis of the main products and consisted of oxygenated compounds and polycyclic compounds, were only observed at 600 °C. The energy barrier, the enthalpy change, and their combined effects determined the formation of minor products.

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Catalytic fast pyrolysis of straw biomass in an internally interconnected fluidized bed to produce aromatics and olefins: Effect of different catalysts

Cited by 126 publications

References 34 publications

Catalytic pyrolysis of palm kernel shell waste in a fluidized bed

Catalytic pyrolysis of palm kernel shell waste in a fluidized bed

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Pine Over HZSM-5 with Different Binders

Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of the Pyrolysis Mechanism of a Dimeric Lignin Model Compound with α-O-4 Linkage

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