Catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass over zeolites for high quality bio-oil – A review

Rahman, Md. Maksudur; Liu, Ronghou; Cai, Junmeng

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2018.08.002

Cited by 309 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…Other phenols have great potential to be converted into aromatic products via cracking, oligomerization, and aromatization. Therefore, the presence of a large amount of phenolic substances can also enhance the yield of aromatic hydrocarbon products . The use of a catalyst can reduce the formation of acid products.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of metal (Fe/Zn) modified ZSM‐5 catalysts on product characteristics based on the bench‐scale pyrolysis and Py‐GC/MS of biomass

et al. 2020

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In this study, sawdust was selected as the raw material for biomass pyrolysis to obtain organic products. The catalyst was modified with two elements (Fe and Zn). Through analysis of the catalytic products, we attempted to identify a pyrolysis catalyst that can improve the yield of aromatic hydrocarbon products.ZSM-5, modified with Fe and Zn, was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) measurements. Tube furnace and flash pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) were used to comprehensively investigate the characteristics of the products of biomass pyrolysis. The highest yield of phenols was obtained using the Femodified ZSM-5 catalyst, which was 18.30% higher than the yield obtained by the pure ZSM-5 catalyst. The lowest yield of acid products was obtained by single-metal-supported catalytic pyrolysis with Fe or Zn, which was 50.66% lower than the yield obtained by direct pyrolysis. During the pyrolysis of biomass using metal-modified catalysts, the production of aromatic hydrocarbons was greatly improved. Among them, compared with direct pyrolysis, the Fe-Zn co-modified ZSM-5 catalyst exhibited the weakest promotion of aromatic hydrocarbon formation, but there was still a 68.50% improvement. Although the co-modified catalyst did not show absolute advantages under the conditions used for this experiment, the improvements in the production of aromatics and phenolic products also showed its potential for improving bio-oil products. Under the action of Fe-modified catalysts, the most abundant components in the gas product were CO and CO 2 , which reached levels as high as 53.45% and 15.34%, respectively, showing strong deoxidation capabilities. Therefore, Fe-modified ZSM-5 catalysts were found to better promote the formation of aromatic hydrocarbon products of biomass pyrolysis. K E Y W O R D Scatalytic pyrolysis, modified ZSM-5, product characteristics: Py-GC/MS

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of metal (Fe/Zn) modified ZSM‐5 catalysts on product characteristics based on the bench‐scale pyrolysis and Py‐GC/MS of biomass

et al. 2020

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“…On the other hand, an increase in the composition of aldehydes, ketones, and hydrocarbons was registered for obtained bio-oil samples, using 2NHZ as catalysts. The higher content of aldehydes, ketones, and hydrocarbons could be achieved by the direct contribution of Brønsted acid sites from zeolite samples, as reported elsewhere [40]. Furthermore, the lower composition of framework compensation cations on the 2NHZ zeolite sample might improve chemical species diffusion into the zeolite framework.…”

Section: Influence Of Chemical Surface Characteristics Of Zeolite Sammentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Simplified reaction pathways of catalytic biomass pyrolysis. Adapted from[40,[42][43][44]. Scheme 1.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Chemical Surface Characteristics of Ammonium-Modified Chilean Zeolite on Oak Catalytic Pyrolysis

et al. 2019

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The influence of chemical surface characteristics of Chilean natural and modified zeolites on Chilean Oak catalytic pyrolysis was investigated in this study. Chilean zeolite samples were characterised by nitrogen absorption at 77 K, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The nature and strength of zeolite acid sites were studied by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT), using pyridine as a probe molecule. Experimental pyrolysis was conducted in a quartz cylindrical reactor and bio-oils were obtained by condensation of vapours in a closed container. Chemical species in bio-oil samples were identified by a gas chromatography/mass spectrophotometry (GC/MS) analytical procedure. Results indicate that after the ionic exchange treatment, an increase of the Brønsted acid site density and strength was observed in ammonium-modified zeolites. Brønsted acids sites were associated with an increment of the composition of ketones, aldehydes, and hydrocarbons and to a decrease in the composition of the following families (esters; ethers; and acids) in obtained bio-oil samples. The Brønsted acid sites on ammonium-modified zeolite samples are responsible for the upgraded bio-oil and value-added chemicals, obtained in this research. Bio-oil chemical composition was modified when the pyrolysis-derived compounds were upgraded over a 2NHZ zeolite sample, leading to a lower quantity of oxygenated compounds and a higher composition of value-added chemicals.

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“…One of the ways to increase selectivity during pyrolysis is catalysis . Natural aluminosilicates such as zeolites are widely reported to preferentially catalyse the conversion of biomass to aromatic compounds . However, although cost‐efficient and readily available, clays have not attracted significant attention.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Microwave‐Assisted Pyrolysis of Cellulose towards Levoglucosenone with Clay Catalysts

et al. 2019

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Levoglucosenone (anhydrosugar) is one of the most promising chemicalp latforms derived from the pyrolysis of biomass. It is ac hiral building block for pharmaceuticals as wella sa ni ntermediate in the production of solvents and polymers. Therefore, the development of cost-efficient, low-energy production methods is vital for af uture sustainable biorefinery.H ere, a novel, green approach to the production of levoglucosenone was developedb yu sing am icrowave (MW)-assisted pyrolysis of cellulose in the presence of readily available clays. It was shown that natural and pillared clays in the presence of MW irradiation significantly increaset he yield of levoglucosenone from cellulose. Both the water content and the presence of acid centres are critical characteristics that influence the yield and distributiono fc atalysed products.Au nique experiment was designed by using as ynergetic effect between different types of catalysts, which enhanced the levoglucosenone yield to 12.3 wt %with63% purity.Bio-oil is ac omplex organic mixture resultingf rom thermal processing (pyrolysis) of biomass and biowastea nd represents an alternative renewable source for chemicals and fuels. The majority of individual compounds in bio-oil are multifunctional oxygen-containing chemicals. Someofthem are attractive plat-form molecules ready for industrial use without any prefunctionalization. [1] These platform molecules could form the core of as ustainable and efficient biorefinery.C urrently,o ne of the biggest challenges for such ab iorefinery is separation of the complex bio-oil into individual compounds. The direct distillation of the oxygen-containing compounds is impossible, and the applicationo fc hromatography columns is an expensive decision for the large-scale chemical industry.Apossible solution is selectivei nsitu targeting of the desired compounds duringp yrolysis of biomass (which typically contains hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin). At present,m ost of the problems associated with refiningh emicellulose have been addressed, [2] whereas refining crosslinked lignin requires significant further developments;h ence our focus on cellulose. Pyrolysis of cellulose to ac omplex mixture of chemicals is already developed, but ac ontrollable and sustainable production of the platform molecules levoglucosenone( LGO) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is not. Conventional pyrolysis of cellulose proceeds at high temperatures (T > 360 8C), inducing secondary reactions and therefore producing ac omplex mixture of products.One of the ways to increase selectivity during pyrolysis is catalysis. [3] Natural aluminosilicatess uch as zeolitesa re widely reported to preferentially catalyse the conversion of biomass to aromatic compounds. [4,5] However,a lthough cost-efficient and readily available, clays have not attracted significant attention. Pillared clays (a class of swollen clays modified with avariety of large polynuclear hydroxo-complexes) are of particular interest. [6] Another way to improvep yrolysis selectivity is the application...

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Catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass over zeolites for high quality bio-oil – A review

Cited by 309 publications

References 164 publications

Influence of metal (Fe/Zn) modified ZSM‐5 catalysts on product characteristics based on the bench‐scale pyrolysis and Py‐GC/MS of biomass

Influence of metal (Fe/Zn) modified ZSM‐5 catalysts on product characteristics based on the bench‐scale pyrolysis and Py‐GC/MS of biomass

Influence of Chemical Surface Characteristics of Ammonium-Modified Chilean Zeolite on Oak Catalytic Pyrolysis

Selective Microwave‐Assisted Pyrolysis of Cellulose towards Levoglucosenone with Clay Catalysts

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