Catalytic coupling of epoxides and CO2 to cyclic carbonates by carbon nanotube-supported quaternary ammonium salts

Graphene oxide immobilized with ionic liquids: facile preparation and efficient catalysis for solvent-free cycloaddition of CO2 to propylene carbonate

“…Therefore, the transformation of CO 2 as a renewable building block to valuable chemicals has attracted increasing attention in the past several decades 4,5 . Such products are industrially important and widely used as polar solvents, electrolyte components in 30 lithium ion batteries, and monomers for manufacturing polycarbonates 8 , etc. Up to now, a wide range of catalytic systems have been developed for the cycloaddition reactions of CO 2 to cyclic carbonates, including alkali metal halides 7,9 , quaternary 35 ammonium and phosphonium salts [10][11][12] , ion-exchange resins 13,14 , metal-salen complexes 15,16 , etc. Such products are industrially important and widely used as polar solvents, electrolyte components in 30 lithium ion batteries, and monomers for manufacturing polycarbonates 8 , etc. Up to now, a wide range of catalytic systems have been developed for the cycloaddition reactions of CO 2 to cyclic carbonates, including alkali metal halides 7,9 , quaternary 35 ammonium and phosphonium salts [10][11][12] , ion-exchange resins 13,14 , metal-salen complexes 15,16 , etc.…”

Polymer- and Carbon Nanotube-Supported Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Synthesis of Carbamates from Halides, Amines, and CO2

“…The synthetic procedure and characterization of polymer-supported catalysts (polymer-bound triethylmethylammonium chloride: PS3-C 2 H 5 , polymer-bound trihexylmethylammonium chloride: PS3-C 6 H 13 , polymerbound tributylmethylammonium chloride: PS2-C 4 H 9 ) [20] and CNT-supported alkylammonium catalysts (CNT-C 4 H 9 ) have been reported previously [21].…”

“…1. The materials were either commercial or were synthesized according to previous reports [20,21]. Both types of catalysts were used as alternatives of homogeneous TBAB and the results were collected in Table 2.…”

The Influence of the Dispersion Method on the Microstructure and Properties of MWCNTs/AA6061 Composites

“…It is well known that there are different types of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with respect to the number of layers (single-, double-and multi-walled), structure (straight, curled, branched, cup-stacked, herringbone) or surface chemistry (functional group, coating, oxidized) [1][2][3]. For nanocomposite application a considerable amount of CNTs is needed, which unfortunately generates high manufacturing costs.…”