Catalytic Conversion of Triglycerides to Liquid Biofuels Through Transesterification, Cracking, and Hydrotreatment Processes

Yan, Shuli; DiMaggio, Craig L.; Wang, Huali; Mohan, Siddharth; Kim, Manhoe; Yang, Like; Salley, Steven O.; Ng, Koon‐Kwan

doi:10.2174/2211545511201010041

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…On the other hand, hydrotreatment of vegetable oils produce mainly a mixture of n-alkanes mostly in the range C 15 -C 18 which are suitable as an alternative diesel fuel. Catalytic production of biodiesel [163][164][165][166][167][168][169] and hydrocarbon biofuels through cracking and hydrotreating [169][170][171][172][173] of triglycerides as well as fuel properties, advantages and drawbacks have been extensively studied and reviewed in literature and are out of the scope of this work. Therefore, in this section we will only discuss the main processes to produce fuel additives and hydrocarbon biofuels from triglyceride platform molecules, i.e.…”

Section: Fuel Additives and Liquid Hydrocarbons Fuels From Vegetable mentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of biomass platform molecules into fuel additives and liquid hydrocarbon fuels

2014

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In this work some relevant processes for the preparation of liquid hydrocarbon fuels and fuel additives from cellulose, hemicellulose and triglycerides derived platform molecules are discussed. Thus, it is shown that a series of platform molecules such as levulinic acid, furans, fatty acids and polyols can be converted into a variety of fuel additives through catalytic transformations that include reduction, esterification, etherification, and acetalization reactions. Moreover, we will show that liquid hydrocarbon fuels can be obtained by combining oxygen removal processes (e.g. dehydration, hydrogenolysis, hydrogenation, decarbonylation/descarboxylation etc.) with the adjustment of the molecular weight via C-C coupling reactions (e.g. aldol condensation, hydroxyalkylation, oligomerization, ketonization) of the reactive platform molecules.

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Section: Fuel Additives and Liquid Hydrocarbons Fuels From Vegetable mentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of biomass platform molecules into fuel additives and liquid hydrocarbon fuels

2014

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“…Catalytic cracking [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] is one of the routes that can be applied effectively to feedstocks based on triglycerides such as vegetable oils to produce hydrocarbons [22]. Catalytic cracking of vegetable oils can generate the following products: gaseous biofuels, including hydrocarbons C1-C5, CO and CO2; liquid biofuels, which are called bio-oil or organic liquid product (OLP); water and coke [23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introdutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such parameters are temperature, reaction time, heating rate, gas flow rate, feed rate, particle size, presence of water, type of catalyst and biomass composition, among others [11, 15-17, 22, 27-33]. In parallel, the values of the physical properties of OLP are the result of its chemical composition [24], which in turn is dependent on the source of biomass and the operational conditions used in its production [28,34,35].…”

Section: Introdutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the reaction time on the quality (physical-chemical properties) of biofuels obtained through catalytic cracking of crude palm oil

et al. 2021

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The present paper investigated the influence of the reaction time on the quality (physical-chemical properties) of biofuels obtained by catalytic cracking of crude palm oil (CPO). The influence of the reaction time (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min) on the quality of crude biofuels denominated organic liquid products (OLP) was investigated through experiments carried out in a cracking pilot plant with capacity of 143 L in the following operating conditions: 20 wt% sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) as catalyst, 450 °C, 1 atm and batch mode operation. The quality of the biofuels produced was certified through physical-chemical analyzes (acid value, saponification value, specific gravity, refractive index, kinematic viscosity, corrosiveness to copper, and flash point). The results show that the physical-chemical properties of OLP decrease as the reaction time increases, in such a way that, catalytic cracking process occurs efficiently in the interval of 10 to 20 min after its start, which can be finalized when it reaches 30 minutes of reaction. In addition, Na2CO3 was essential as a catalyst in the cracking reaction to reduce the physical-chemical properties of OLPs obtained at different times, allowing the specific gravity, kinematic viscosity and corrosivity to copper to be within or very close to the limits established for Diesel S10.

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Fractional Distillation of Organic Liquid Compounds Produced by Catalytic Cracking of Fats, Oils, and Grease

Fereira¹,

Costa²,

Castro³

et al. 2017

Distillation - Innovative Applications and Modeling

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This work aims to investigate the fractional distillation of organic liquid products (OLP) obtained by catalytic cracking of palm oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) at 450°C, 1.0 atm, with 5, 10, and 15% (wt) Na 2 CO 3 , using a stirred tank reactor of 143 L. The fractional distillations of OLP were carried out in laboratory scale with and without reflux using columns of different heights, and a pilot-packed distillation column with internal reflux. OLP and distillation fractions (gasoline, kerosene, light diesel, and heavy diesel) were physicochemically characterized for density, kinematic viscosity, acid value, saponification value, refractive index, flash point, and copper strip corrosion. The OLP and light diesel fractions were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). For the experiments in laboratory scale, the yields of distillates decrease along with column height, with and without reflux, while those of bottoms products increase. The yields of distillates and gas increase with increasing Na 2 CO 3 content, while those of bottoms products decrease. The densities of gasoline, kerosene, and light diesel produced in laboratory scale with reflux superpose exactly those of kerosene, light diesel, and heavy diesel produced in laboratory scale without reflux. The kinematic viscosity decreases with increasing column height for the experiments in laboratory scale. The acid values of distillation fractions decrease along with the column height for the experiments with and without reflux. The FT-IR of distillation fractions in pilot and laboratory scales identified the presence of aliphatic hydrocarbons and oxygenates. The GC-MS analysis identified OLP composition of 92.84% (area) hydrocarbons and 7.16% (area) oxygenates. The light diesel fraction contains 100% hydrocarbons with an acid value of 0.34 mg KOH/g, proving the technical feasibility of OLP de-acidification by the fractional distillation process.

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Catalytic Conversion of Triglycerides to Liquid Biofuels Through Transesterification, Cracking, and Hydrotreatment Processes

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Conversion of biomass platform molecules into fuel additives and liquid hydrocarbon fuels

Conversion of biomass platform molecules into fuel additives and liquid hydrocarbon fuels

Influence of the reaction time on the quality (physical-chemical properties) of biofuels obtained through catalytic cracking of crude palm oil

Fractional Distillation of Organic Liquid Compounds Produced by Catalytic Cracking of Fats, Oils, and Grease

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