Catalytic conversion of heavy naphtha to reformate over the phosphorus-ZSM-5 catalyst at a lower reforming temperature

Abstract

Catalytic conversion of heavy naphtha to reformate product over the phosphorus-ZSM-5 catalyst at a lower reforming temperature.

Biodiesel-Derived Waste Glycerol as a Green Template for Creating Mesopores in the ZSM-5 Catalyst for Aromatics Production Applications

“…However, such a naphtha aromatization reaction commonly suffers from poor aromatics yield and a low catalyst lifetime caused by the large coke formation. 5,6 The inferior mass transfer reaction caused by the constrained microporosity of the ZSM-5 catalyst is considered to be a major reason for such large coke formations. 7−9 Because bulky coke precursor molecules with a size beyond the micropores cannot diffuse across the micropore channels of ZSM-5 zeolite, which shows a huge coke formation, this leads to an increased deactivation rate of the ZSM-5 catalyst.…”

“…The ZSM-5 zeolite is a well-known solid acid catalyst studied for various industrial important reactions such as naphtha aromatization, bio-oil upgrade, etc., due to its excellent characteristics such as high thermal stability, optimum surface area, acidity, and intracrystalline micropores (∼0.5 nm). − The naphtha aromatization reaction attracts various industrial applications due to the importance of aromatic products in the production of useful commodity chemicals. However, such a naphtha aromatization reaction commonly suffers from poor aromatics yield and a low catalyst lifetime caused by the large coke formation. , The inferior mass transfer reaction caused by the constrained microporosity of the ZSM-5 catalyst is considered to be a major reason for such large coke formations. − Because bulky coke precursor molecules with a size beyond the micropores cannot diffuse across the micropore channels of ZSM-5 zeolite, which shows a huge coke formation, this leads to an increased deactivation rate of the ZSM-5 catalyst . The formation of such a large coke content also affects the aromatics yield, as most of the naphtha components were converted into undesirable coke rather than useful aromatic products.…”

Isomerization of C7 and C8 through Ionic Liquids Supported by a Fe/SBA-15 Catalyst

“…So, these two are taken as references for the octane rating scale . The process of isomerization in the presence of suitable catalysts is an ongoing research field for the octane improvement of fuels. , It is one of the significant processes to maximize the isomerate product with the minimum hydrocracking level of n -paraffins. − It was also demonstrated that an internal regularization network (RN) and response surface methodology were implemented to investigate the correlation between catalyst effectiveness and the parameters of catalyst variables, such as catalyst molar ratio ( M ), temperature ( T ), and time ( t ), influentially identified as significant aspects of catalyst efficacy in isomerization reactions [20]. “The process of isomerization is a chemical reaction that converts straight chain paraffins to their respective branched geometric isomers with the same molecular formula .…”