Catalytic conversion of glucose and its biopolymers into renewable compounds by inducing C–C bond scission and formation

Catalytic Transformation of Carbohydrates into Renewable Organic Chemicals by Revering the Principles of Green Chemistry

“…Under a reductive atmosphere (e.g., overpressure of hydrogen and a metal-based catalyst), glucose can be converted into three moles of EG through the intermediary of glycolaldehyde. , The hydrogenolysis of the C3–C4 bond in sorbitol can lead to two moles of glycerol (GLY). However, the selectivity toward GLY remains an issue to date …”

Efficient Synthesis of Novel Biginelli and Hantzsch Products Sourced from Biorenewable Furfurals Using Gluconic Acid Aqueous Solution as the Green Organocatalyst

“…In the second step, the reactive intermediates are synthetically transformed into products of desired structural features. 2,3 In this regard, the acid-catalyzed dehydration of pentoses (e.g., xylose) leads to furfural (FF, 1a), whereas the dehydration of hexoses (e.g., glucose) forms 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF, 1e). 4,5 The processes typically use an acid catalyst of some sort and produce water as an innocuous byproduct.…”

“…Carbohydrates are initially converted to a handful of functionalized small molecules that act as chemical building units. In the second step, the reactive intermediates are synthetically transformed into products of desired structural features. , In this regard, the acid-catalyzed dehydration of pentoses (e.g., xylose) leads to furfural (FF, 1a ), whereas the dehydration of hexoses (e.g., glucose) forms 5-(hydroxymethyl)­furfural (HMF, 1e ). , The processes typically use an acid catalyst of some sort and produce water as an innocuous byproduct. The production and derivative chemistry of FF and HMF have been explored scrupulously over the past decades. , In this regard, the synthesis and study of heterocycles is one of the cornerstones of synthetic organic chemistry primarily due to the remarkable properties and fascinating pharmacological activities of the heterocyclic molecules. − Significant importance has been given to designing green synthetic protocols for various heterocyclic moieties. − FF and HMF are often used as representative furanic molecules to demonstrate the diverse substrate scope of various synthetic methodologies, such as the synthesis of heterocycles .…”