Catalytic conversion of furanic compounds over Ga-modified ZSM-5 zeolites as a route to biomass-derived aromatics

Abstract

Herein we report a mechanistic study of aromatization of furanics, as model compounds for cellulosic biomass, over (Ga)HZSM-5 catalysts.

Valorisation of 2,5-dimethylfuran over zeolite catalysts studied by on-line FTIR-MS gas phase analysis

“…A similar promotion of benzene formation upon metal ion exchange has been found for Ga-ZSM-5. 17 Akin to the here observed selectivity decrease with TOS for the Cu-ZSM-5 sample, Ga-ZSM-5 has been reported to have a shorter catalyst lifetime associated to aromatics. 17 Benzene is obviously favoured at higher temperature, which was also reported previously using furan 15 and 2,5-dmf 17 as feedstock.…”

“…We start off this section by considering olefins, which are some of the main products from catalytic conversion of furanic compounds over zeolites. [15][16][17] The present focus is on the 1,3-butadiene as well as the two main alkenes, namely, ethene and propene. Although propadiene has been postulated to play a role during aromatisation, 15,16 and also been observed during furan conversion, 15 the presence of propadiene in the product stream during 2,5-dmf conversion cannot be confirmed here.…”

“…S8. The selectivity towards xylenes is in general very low for CFP of furanic compounds 12,[15][16][17][18]39 and more research is needed as to understand how to increase their proportion. The highest toluene formation is observed for H-ZSM-5 (38) and the H-BEA(37) sample at 500 °C and 400 °C.…”

“…13,14 As examples, the selectivity towards BTX has been reported to be 20% 15 , 35% 16 and ca. 50% 17,18 . Among the BTX compounds, the p-xylene is the product with highest market value because it is used as a precursor for terephtalic acid, the monomor used for PET production.…”

Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Benzene, Toluene, and Xylenes

“…Other investigators have examined conversion of methylated furan over Ga/ HZSM-5 [43]. Even though model compounds were used, the reaction network was extremely complex due to numerous secondary reactions at 300-500 °C.…”