Catalytic Control of Two-Stroke Motorcycle Exhaust Emissions

Mooney, John J.; Hansel, James G.; Hoyer, R.

doi:10.4271/750910

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Oxidative catalytic converters have been used to control exhaust emissions of automobiles in the United States since 1975. Mooney et al (1975) and Koberstein and Pletka (1982) ever studied catalytic converters employed to control exhaust emissions of two-stroke motorcycles. Since 1986, motorcycles equipped with catalytic converters have been available in Switzerland and Austria (Laimbock and Landerl, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Basic Additives on Pt/Al₂O₃ for CO and Propylene Oxidation under Oxygen-Deficient Conditions

Lee

Chen

1997

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, NOx emitted by two-stroke motorcycles is scarce (less than 0.1 g/km). Mooney et al (1975) reported that CO and HC concentrations in exhaust emissions of two-stroke motorcycles could exceed 5% and 5000 vol. ppm (C 6 ), respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Basic Additives on Pt/Al₂O₃ for CO and Propylene Oxidation under Oxygen-Deficient Conditions

Lee

Chen

1997

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Mooney et al (1975) and Koberstein and Pletka (1982) ever studied catalytic converters employed to control exhaust emissions of two-stroke motorcycles. Mooney et al (1975) and Koberstein and Pletka (1982) ever studied catalytic converters employed to control exhaust emissions of two-stroke motorcycles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mooney et al (1975) reported that CO and HC concentrations in exhaust emissions of two-stroke motorcycles could exceed 5% and 5000 vol. Current two-stroke motorcycles run rich (oxygen deficiency).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Study of Carbon Monoxide and Propylene Oxidation on Platinum Catalysts

Voltz¹,

Morgan²,

Liederman³

et al. 1973

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were prepared and characterized with respect to surface area, CO chemisorption, temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of CO 2 , and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) of H 2 . The effects of basic additives on Pt/Al 2 O 3 for carbon monoxide and propylene oxidation were investigated. The reactions were performed under the stoichiometric and oxygen-deficient conditions. The addition of basic additives slightly decreases the surface area of the catalyst and does not significantly change Pt dispersion. The addition of basic additives also influences the reducibility of Pt/ Al 2 O 3 . The basicity of the catalyst is in the order Pt-K . The promoted Pt/Al 2 O 3 catalysts are much more active than the unpromoted one for CO and C 3 H 6 oxidation under the stoichiometric point. Under oxygen-deficient conditions and in the absence of water, C 3 H 6 conversions on all catalysts studied herein increase with increasing reaction temperature. Nevertheless, this phenomenon contrasts with CO conversion once oxygen is completely reacted. Pt/Al 2 O 3 exhibits the highest C 3 H 6 conversion and the lowest CO conversion among these catalysts, and the addition of CeO 2 , Na 2 O, and K 2 O on Pt/Al 2 O 3 can promote the CO conversion. Under oxygen-deficient conditions and in the presence of water, the water-gas shift and steam re-forming reactions can take place and result in increases of CO and C 3 H 6 conversions. Pt/Al 2 O 3 is the most active catalyst for the steam re-forming reaction and the lowest active catalyst for the water-gas shift reaction among these catalysts. Nevertheless, the addition of basic additives on Pt/Al 2 O 3 catalyst can significantly enhance the water-gas shift reaction that can reduce CO emission. The promotional effect is in the order K 2 O > Na 2 O > CeO 2 , that is the same order as the basicity of the promoted catalysts. Additionally, K 2 O could be a promising additive to a catalytic converter of a two-stroke motorcycle since it can significantly enhance CO conversion. IE960414U X Abstract published in Advance ACS Abstracts, February 15, 1997.

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“…The catalyst technology provides a significant and costeffective method for reduction of hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrous oxides (NO x ). Similarly, catalytic converters were ever studied to control exhaust emissions from two-stroke motorcycles (Mooney et al, 1975;Koberstein and Pletka, 1982;Laimbock and Landerl, 1990). Nevertheless, Taiwan is the first country to massively employ catalytic converters to control exhaust emissions from two-stroke motorcycles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Support on a Catalytic Converter for Removing CO and HC Emissions from a Two-Stroke Motorcycle

Lee

Chen

1997

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The effect of support on the noble metal catalysts for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon oxidation was investigated. The reactions were performed under the stoichiometric and oxygen-deficient conditions. Under the stoichiometric point, the activities of the powder catalysts for CO and C3H6 oxidation are in the order Pt/K2O/Al2O3 > Pt/Al2O3 > Pt/Al2O3−SiO2, that is, the same as the order of basicity of these catalysts. Under an oxygen-deficient condition, Pt supported on an acidic support, Al2O3−SiO2, exhibits the higher C3H6 conversion and the higher activity for the steam re-forming reaction. In contrast, Pt supported on a basic support, K2O/Al2O3, exhibits the higher CO conversion and the higher activity for the water−gas shift reaction. The order of activity of the powder catalysts for the water−gas shift reaction is the same as the order of basicity of these catalysts. On the other hand, the testing results of the monolithic PtRh-containing catalysts by the simulative gases and the ECE-40 mode driving cycle also reveal the same trend as that of the Pt powder catalysts. Furthermore, the addition of K2O on PtRh/Al2O3−CeO2 not only increases the basicity of the catalyst but also significantly reduces the CO emission under the ECE-40 mode driving cycle test. Therefore, K2O could be a promising additive to a catalytic converter of a two-stroke motorcycle since it can significantly enhance CO conversion.

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Catalytic Control of Two-Stroke Motorcycle Exhaust Emissions

Cited by 10 publications

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Effect of Basic Additives on Pt/Al₂O₃ for CO and Propylene Oxidation under Oxygen-Deficient Conditions

Effect of Basic Additives on Pt/Al₂O₃ for CO and Propylene Oxidation under Oxygen-Deficient Conditions

Kinetic Study of Carbon Monoxide and Propylene Oxidation on Platinum Catalysts

Effect of Support on a Catalytic Converter for Removing CO and HC Emissions from a Two-Stroke Motorcycle

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Catalytic Control of Two-Stroke Motorcycle Exhaust Emissions

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of Basic Additives on Pt/Al2O3 for CO and Propylene Oxidation under Oxygen-Deficient Conditions

Effect of Basic Additives on Pt/Al2O3 for CO and Propylene Oxidation under Oxygen-Deficient Conditions

Kinetic Study of Carbon Monoxide and Propylene Oxidation on Platinum Catalysts

Effect of Support on a Catalytic Converter for Removing CO and HC Emissions from a Two-Stroke Motorcycle

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Product

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Effect of Basic Additives on Pt/Al₂O₃ for CO and Propylene Oxidation under Oxygen-Deficient Conditions

Effect of Basic Additives on Pt/Al₂O₃ for CO and Propylene Oxidation under Oxygen-Deficient Conditions