Catalytic combustion for industrial gas turbines

Abstract

This brief review provides a general account of work directed at the use of catalytic combustion in gas turbine engines. A major potential advantage of using catalytic combustion is that the fuel can be burnt efficiently at temperatures low enough ( < 15OOOC) to avoid significant oxidation of atmospheric nitrogen. This advantage was less important when catalytic combustion was demonstrated in the 1970's than it is today and received relatively little attention until the following decade.After discussion of the principles involved in the design of a combustor that must meet the mixing, size, performance and durability goals of a based gas turbine application, the review turns to accounts of experiments conducted on a laboratory scale with simple configurations. These established basic operating parameters for satisfactory combustion performance and led to larger scale work and to prototype design concepts for industrial gas turbines in the late 70's and early 80's. Test results were encouraging but were not pursued definitively in the U.S.A. Activity continued at several centres in Japan, with exploration of a number of different catalyst arrangements, geometries, and control systems, again with encouraging results. At the same time, there has been renewed interests in the U.S.A. and in Europe, spurred largely by the emphasis on reducing emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx).The paper concludes with suggestions for further development of catalytically stabilized combustion systems for gas turbines. These systems must ensure adequate pre-catalyst temperature, with evenly premixed fuel and air, and sufficient temperature rise across the catalyst to ensure effective completion of reaction in a homogeneous reaction mode. The outstanding problems are largely concerned with questions of catalyst integrity and longevity in practical configurations and realistic engine operating conditions.

Activation of propane on Ag–PdO(101) model surfaces

“…Oxidation reactions of saturated hydrocarbons, or alkanes, represent a vital class of chemical transformations with significant economic and environmental implications [ 1 – 3 ]. These reactions underpin practical applications such as power generation in gas turbines, where alkanes serve as fuel sources [ 4 , 5 ], and environmental remediation strategies, including the catalytic removal of unburned hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust through complete oxidation to CO 2 [ 6 , 7 ]. Beyond energy and emission control, alkane oxidation offers promising routes for producing value-added chemicals, such as alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and other oxygenates [ 8 – 10 ].…”

Field Test of a 1.5 MW Industrial Gas Turbine With a Low Emissions Catalytic Combustion System

“…The development of catalyst materials for catalytic combustion and the demonstration of the concept in small-scale rig tests are covered in a number of reviews (Kesselring, 1986;Pfefferle, 1987;Zwinkels, 1993). Anson and DeCorso have reviewed the application of catalytic combustion to gas turbines (Anson, 1996).…”

Evaluation of Creep Property of As800 Silicon Nitride from Asprocessed Surface Regions

“…Silicon nitride ceramics with an in-situ reinforced microstructure consisting of elongated grains have been the primary candidates for advanced turbines and microturbines applications due to their excellent thermomechnical properties (e.g., strength, fracture toughness, and fatigue and creep resistance) [1][2][3][4]. Various ceramic components, e.g., turbine blades, nozzles, and turbo compressors, have been mass produced for actual component application or field tests [5][6][7].…”