Catalytic CH Bond Activation at Nanoscale Lewis Acidic Aluminium Fluorides: H/D Exchange Reactions at Aromatic and Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

Abstract

Nanoscopic amorphous Lewis acidic aluminium fluorides, such as aluminium chlorofluoride (ACF) and high‐surface aluminium fluoride (HS‐AlF3), are capable of activating CH bonds of aliphatic hydrocarbons. H/D exchange reactions are catalysed under mild conditions (40 °C).

Hydrogen/Deuterium‐Exchange Reactions of Methane with Aromatics and Cyclohexane Catalyzed by a Nanoscopic Aluminum Chlorofluoride

“…[8] There are also reports on the oxidative coupling of methaneatmetal oxides, including its efficient conversion into alkanes [9] and aromatics; [10] although theser esults are promising, methanea ctivation in either the homogeneous [11] or heterogeneousp hase needs the developmento fn ew catalytic systems along with ad eeper understanding of the reaction mechanisms. [14] This paperr eports H/D exchange catalyzed by ACF under very mild conditions between the aromatics [D 8 ]toluene and [D 6 ]benzene and methane as well as between the twoa lkanes [D 12 ]cyclohexane and methane. [13] The conversionsi nclude hydroarylation, hydrodefluorination, hydrodechlorination, dismutation, dehydrofluorination, and CÀHa ctivationr eactions of alkanes.…”

“…Notably,w ith deuterated benzene the exchange reaction also took place at room temperature and reached ac onversiono f 39 %( Ta ble 1). [14] Scheme1.H/D exchange between methane and deuterated solvents catalyzed by ACF. [14] Scheme1.H/D exchange between methane and deuterated solvents catalyzed by ACF.…”

Study protocol: an early intervention program to improve motor outcome in preterm infants: a randomized controlled trial and a qualitative study of physiotherapy performance and parental experiences

“…Prechtl's Method of General Movement Assessment (GMA) identifies normal and abnormal quality of movement (CP)[36]. The GMA is valid for use from preterm age until about five months CA.…”

“…The scoring, based on taped observation of spontaneous movement recorded while the infant is supine, is considered to be a non-invasive assessment because no handling is involved. Recommendations for the recording technique [36] include video recordings from five to thirty minutes in duration depending on the age and activity level of the infant. General Movements are first clearly defined as either normal movement patterns or abnormal ones, following which abnormal General Movements are classified in different subgroups dependent of the infants age [36].…”

“…Recommendations for the recording technique [36] include video recordings from five to thirty minutes in duration depending on the age and activity level of the infant. General Movements are first clearly defined as either normal movement patterns or abnormal ones, following which abnormal General Movements are classified in different subgroups dependent of the infants age [36]. The subgroup at the age of 34 and 36 PMA are Poor Repertoire (PR), Cramped-Synchronized (CS) and Chaotic (CH) General Movements.…”