Catalytic ammonia reforming: alternative routes to net-zero-carbon hydrogen and fuel

Abstract

Ammonia is an energy-dense liquid hydrogen carrier and fuel whose accessible dissociation chemistries offer promising alternatives to hydrogen electrolysis, compression and dispensing at scale. Catalytic ammonia reforming has thus emerged...

Ammonia as a Carbon-Free Energy Carrier: NH3 Cracking to H2

“…One key aspect in synthesizing the best possible reforming catalysts is to avoid the H 2 O adsorption on the active sites, which may compete with NH 3 and O 2 , thus hindering the hydrogen production. 137 In 2017, Nagaoka et al 138 successfully demonstrated the application of Ru oxide nanoparticles supported on Al 2 O 3 and La 2 O 3 for laboratory-scale ammonia reforming. The Ru-based catalytic system was also proved by Matsunaga et al in 2020, 139 which considered a Ce 0.5 Zr 0.5 O 2−x catalyst support.…”

“…As for the thermocatalytic ammonia dissociation, noble-metal-based catalysts are highly effective for the NH 3 reforming. One key aspect in synthesizing the best possible reforming catalysts is to avoid the H 2 O adsorption on the active sites, which may compete with NH 3 and O 2 , thus hindering the hydrogen production . In 2017, Nagaoka et al successfully demonstrated the application of Ru oxide nanoparticles supported on Al 2 O 3 and La 2 O 3 for laboratory-scale ammonia reforming.…”

Catalytic reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia using molybdenum porphyrin complexes

“…To make this cost-competitive with the HBP, there is a need for NRR catalysts that can operate under mild conditions with high faradaic efficiencies. 4,5,10–12…”

“…To make this cost-competitive with the HBP, there is a need for NRR catalysts that can operate under mild conditions with high faradaic efficiencies. 4,5,[10][11][12] For homogeneous NRR, several mechanisms have been proposed, which differ in the order of e − /H + addition to the nitrogen atoms. Reduction of terminally bound N 2 can proceed either through an alternating or distal mechanism.…”

Thermocatalytic Ammonia Decomposition – Status and Current Research Demands for a Carbon‐Free Hydrogen Fuel Technology

“…[8] Ammonia is one of the most promising examples for a carbon-free hydrogen storage compound. [9] It has very high volumetric and gravimetric hydrogen storage capacities and can be easily and safely liquefied and stored at room temperature. [10] This aspect alone makes it an attractive hydrogen carrier for global energy distribution.…”