Catalytic activity and capacitance of tungsten carbide as a function of its dispersity and surface state

Palanker, V.Sh.; Sokolsky, D.V.; Mazulevsky, E. A.; Baybatyrov, E.N.

doi:10.1016/0013-4686(77)85136-0

Cited by 13 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Due to their high strength and durability, they are used for making rocket nozzles and drill bits under utmost temperature and pressure 7 . Transition metal carbides are also widely used in the field of technology due to their high catalytic, magnetic and electronic properties [8][9][10][11][12] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of Tungsten Carbide

2019

Chem Sci Trans

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Tungsten carbide (WC) was synthesized via modified polymer precursor method. The formation of WC was ascertained through Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and differential thermo analysis (DTA). The WC electrode was synthesized over 316 stainless steel to evaluate electrochemical performance through cyclic voltammetry (CV). The CV curves of WC electrode were found in the potential span of-0.6 to 0.0V in KOH (1.0 M). The WC electrode shows specific capacitance (Cs) of 110 F/g at 0.001 V/s and good cyclic stability over 500 cycles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of Tungsten Carbide

2019

Chem Sci Trans

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“Development of Advanced Noble Metal‐Alloy Electrocatalysts for Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFC)”

Stonehart¹

1990

Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem

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Catalysis 1 Colloid Particles Electrocatalysis J Electrochemistry J Fuel CellsIn the preparation of highly dispersed noble metal electrocatalysts, the technology is such that crystallites now can be routinely prepared with small dimensions so that 50% of the atom content resides at the particle surface. The crystallite diameters are of the order of 12 Angstrmn (1.2 nanometers). Operation of these materials, when applied to phosphoric acid fuel cells as electrocatalysts is, of course, critical. What is important is the realization that due to the high surface energies of these crystallites, they have properties that are unlike the properties of the bulk metals. Although this manufacturing achievement is very great, more recently there has been increased emphasis on preparing alloys of metals with platinum in order to increase the kinetic rate of reaction for the oxygen reduction. -For oxygen reduction, binary alloys of platinum with refractory metals such as vanadium showed higher activity, but the vanadium was rapidly leached out. Alloys with chromium and subsequently with the addition of cobalt to form ternary alloys have now exhibited greater resistance to degradation. These alloys are hard and resistant to sintering, until the alloying element is leached out, then crystallite growth is obtained. -More recently, process modifications to produce ordered alloys have shown stability for over 9000 hours in the hot phosphoric acid fuel cell environment, as have alloys of platinum with cobalt and/or chromium containing gallium additions. It is one theory that there is no catalytic enhancement for oxygen reduction due to these alloying elements, but the increased reactivity is due solely to leaching out of the alloying elements from the alloy surface to produce a microroughness in the platinum crystallite. -In the case of hydrogen oxidation, especially in the presence of electrocatalyst poisons such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulphide, alloys of platinum with palladium show greater tolerance to poisoning and greater stability against crystallite growth. Other alloys are now under development to lower the catalyst cost and increase the electrocatalyst performance. This work is coupled with developments of advanced theoretical models that are amenable to computer solution for the operation of gas-diffusion electrodes to maximize both the catalyst utilization within the electrode structure, and within the cell stack.

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