Catalytic activity and aging phenomena of three-way catalysts in a compressed natural gas/gasoline powered passenger car

Winkler, Alexander; Dimopoulos, P.; Hauert, Roland; Bach, Christian; Aguirre, Myriam H.

doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2008.03.013

Cited by 62 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The effects of hydrothermal aging on the oxygen storage/release and the activity of commercial automotive exhaust catalysts have been extensively investigated. [5] More recently, Winkler et al [6] reported the effects of aging processes and related phenomena on the catalytic behavior of threeway catalysts in a compressed natural gas/gasoline powered passenger car. These authors suggested that the formation of an outer metallic Pd layer over the catalytically PdO core could be responsible for the loss of activity in the methane oxidation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

XPS investigation of surface changes during thermal aging of Natural Gas Vehicle catalysts: Influence of Rh addition to Pd

Renème

Dhainaut

Trentesaux

et al. 2010

Surface & Interface Analysis

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This study investigates thermal aging induced effects on the surface properties of model and commercial automotive catalysts for Natural Gas Vehicles, by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy of chemisorbed CO as a probe molecule for noble metals. Post-combustion catalysts for this application are essentially composed of palladium containing low amounts of rhodium and additives to improve the oxygen storage properties. The aging procedure involved exposing the catalysts to an oxidizing atmosphere containing air and 10 vol.% H 2 O at 980• C for 4 h in order to simulate surface changes which may occur under usual three-way operating conditions. It was found that sintering processes led to a significant loss of Pd concentration on model and commercial catalysts. Regarding Rh, diffusion processes into alumina also take place, which are partially inhibited on model catalysts when Rh interacts with Pd. Greater stabilization of Rh species is suggested on commercial catalysts in the presence of oxygen storage materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

XPS investigation of surface changes during thermal aging of Natural Gas Vehicle catalysts: Influence of Rh addition to Pd

Renème

Dhainaut

Trentesaux

et al. 2010

Surface & Interface Analysis

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“…[1][2][3] However, only when the unburned CH 4 , a potent greenhouse gas, is effectively halted in emissions can a "greener" image be associated with lean-burn NGVs. [4,5] Over the recent decades, a remarkable number of supported catalysts, especially based on noble metals such as Pd, [6][7][8] Pt, [9,10] and Rh, [11] have been developed for methane abatement in lean-burn NGVs emissions. Among these catalysts, supported Pd catalyst is regarded as the most active one for the abatement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pd catalyst supported on ZrO₂‐Al₂O₃ by double‐solvent method for methane oxidation under lean conditions

Huang

et al. 2016

Can J Chem Eng

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The Pd catalyst supported on the Zr 0.5 Al 0.5 O 1.75 composite material was prepared by the conventional impregnation and double solvent impregnation method. The effects of preparation method on the catalytic properties of the Pd/Zr 0.5 Al 0.5 O 1.75 catalyst for methane combustion have been investigated systematically. The measurement was evaluated in a multiple fixed-bed continuous flow micro-reactor by passing a gas mixture simulating the exhaust emissions from lean-burn natural gas vehicles. The as-prepared catalysts were characterized by CO chemical adsorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), hydrogen-temperature programmed reduction (H 2 -TPR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. The results of TEM and CO-chemisorption showed that the introduction of double solvent during the preparation of Pd/Zr 0.5 Al 0.5 O 1.75 was beneficial for the dispersion of Pd nanoparticles and obtained superior resistance to the sintering of Pd on the surface of Zr 0.5 Al 0.5 O 1.75 . The H 2 -TPR measurements demonstrated that the double solvent method increased the reducibility of the Pd catalyst. The XPS results further indicated that more active surface oxygen species also can be formed on the catalyst prepared via double solvent process. Thus, this catalyst exhibited better catalytic performance and hydrothermal aging resistance in the methane oxidation compared to its analogues with the same Pd content prepared by the conventional impregnation method. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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“…As an example, during our study on-road vehicles in Guangzhou were mostly composed of Euro 3 (which equals to China 3) (39.4%) and Euro 4 (36.2%), and Euro 1 and Euro 2 still shared a notable proportion of 21.7%. Previous studies demonstrated that CH 4 emissions increase with the age of catalytic convertors [48][49][50][51]. Additionally, cars using premium grade gasoline fuel with higher aromatic hydrocarbon content and lower content of saturated hydrocarbons and olefins are found to have lower CH 4 emissions [48], and the notoriously higher amount of olefins in China' gasoline (a limit of 24% v/v even in the China 6 grade gasoline oil) would probably give rise to the CH 4 emissions from China's gasoline vehicles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methane emissions from on-road vehicles in China: a case study in an urban tunnel

Zhang¹,

Huang²,

Luo³

et al. 2020

Environ. Res. Commun.

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Reducing emissions of methane (CH 4 ) in developed regions and urban areas is a practical way to curb the unexpected surge in global CH 4 levels in recent decades. Traffic emissions are among the important anthropogenic CH 4 emission sources in megacities, yet CH 4 emissions from on-road vehicles are less characterized and not well addressed. Based on tunnel tests in an urban tunnel in south China, a real-world emission factor (EF) of CH 4 was measured to be 0.26±0.03 g·km −1 (mean ±95% C.I.) for on-road vehicle fleet which including gasoline vehicles, diesel vehicles, and liquefied petroleum gas vehicles, with an average CH 4 /CO 2 mass ratio of 40.6E-5 g·g −1 , and CH 4 could account for 1.3% of vehicle CO 2 -equivalent emissions. Using the measured CH 4 /CO 2 ratio and available automobile CO 2 emission estimates, traffic CH 4 emissions in 2014 could have reached 333 Gg and represented 0.6% of total anthropogenic CH 4 emissions in China, approximately four times the previous reported value of 79 Gg. Our results indicate that improving energy efficiency would have cobenefits for reducing traffic emissions of CH 4 , as observed EFs of CH 4 are positively correlated with that of CO 2 , and over 90% of traffic CH 4 emissions in China could be avoided if the traffic CH 4 /CO 2 ratio can be an order of magnitude lower as previously observed in a tunnel in Switzerland.

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Catalytic activity and aging phenomena of three-way catalysts in a compressed natural gas/gasoline powered passenger car

Cited by 62 publications

References 8 publications

XPS investigation of surface changes during thermal aging of Natural Gas Vehicle catalysts: Influence of Rh addition to Pd

XPS investigation of surface changes during thermal aging of Natural Gas Vehicle catalysts: Influence of Rh addition to Pd

Pd catalyst supported on ZrO₂‐Al₂O₃ by double‐solvent method for methane oxidation under lean conditions

Methane emissions from on-road vehicles in China: a case study in an urban tunnel

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Catalytic activity and aging phenomena of three-way catalysts in a compressed natural gas/gasoline powered passenger car

Cited by 62 publications

References 8 publications

XPS investigation of surface changes during thermal aging of Natural Gas Vehicle catalysts: Influence of Rh addition to Pd

XPS investigation of surface changes during thermal aging of Natural Gas Vehicle catalysts: Influence of Rh addition to Pd

Pd catalyst supported on ZrO2‐Al2O3 by double‐solvent method for methane oxidation under lean conditions

Methane emissions from on-road vehicles in China: a case study in an urban tunnel

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Pd catalyst supported on ZrO₂‐Al₂O₃ by double‐solvent method for methane oxidation under lean conditions