Catalytic action of carbon nanotubes on ammonium perchlorate thermal behavior

Abdelhafiz, Mahmoud; Yehia, M.; Mostafa, Hosam E.; Wafy, Tamer Z.

doi:10.1007/s11144-020-01848-y

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The Kissinger E a value of pure AP varies widely in the literature, which makes direct comparison between studies more challenging. For example, in a study by Paulose et al, the Kissinger E a was reported at only 90 kJ/mol, whereas Abdelhafiz et al reported a value of 226 kJ/mol. , It was for this reason that the neat AP control was prepared as there are many factors that can affect the complex AP decomposition process, resulting in variability between studies …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in a study by Paulose et al, the Kissinger E a was reported at only 90 kJ/mol, whereas Abdelhafiz et al reported a value of 226 kJ/mol. 31,32 It was for this reason that the neat AP control was prepared as there are many factors that can affect the complex AP decomposition process, resulting in variability between studies. 24 The wrapped AP materials had significantly lower E a values based on the Kissinger model, which further supports a catalytic role by the modifiers.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accelerated Decomposition Kinetics of Ammonium Perchlorate via Conformal Graphene Coating

et al. 2021

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Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is an oxidizer material that is widely employed in applications ranging from rocketry to airbags. Previous research has suggested that efficient electron transfer plays a critical role in determining the kinetics of catalyzed AP decomposition reactions. Consequently, intimate contact between AP crystals and electron acceptors has the potential to accelerate decomposition kinetics, which motivates the development of conformal coatings with suitably tailored electronic structures. Here, we demonstrate a scalable method for conformally coating AP crystals with two atomically well-defined 2D materials with orthogonal electronic propertiesnamely, pristine graphene, which is a zero-band gap semiconductor that has been shown to be an effective electron acceptor in diverse heterojunctions and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), which is a wide-band gap electrical insulator. Consistent with an electron transfer mechanism, graphene-coated AP undergoes accelerated decomposition kinetics compared to uncoated (neat) or hBN-coated AP. Through extensive structural characterization including electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, the effects of AP crystal size and crystallinity are examined. In addition, the accelerated decomposition kinetics of graphene-coated AP are quantified through thermogravimetric analysis, gas chromatography mass spectrometry, and kinetic modeling. Overall, this work establishes pristine graphene as an effective coating for promoting accelerated decomposition of AP, which enhances its utility in various applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated Decomposition Kinetics of Ammonium Perchlorate via Conformal Graphene Coating

et al. 2021

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“…13,55,56 Due to the good electrical and thermal conductivity, carbon materials can also speed up electron transfer. 57,58 Meantime, the good dispersion of loaded particles on carbon materials also enables the cobalt-containing particles to provide more active sites to accelerate the catalytic process. 59,60 Hence, the oxidation products of ZIF-67 can promote the fast decomposition of excess AP.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the LTD process, the electron transfer from ClO 4 – to NH 4 + is the controlling step, and the electron transfer from O 2 to O 2 – is the controlling step for the HTD process . Due to the partially filled 3d orbitals, a large number of cobalt-containing particles can benefit the electron transfer process. ,, Due to the good electrical and thermal conductivity, carbon materials can also speed up electron transfer. , Meantime, the good dispersion of loaded particles on carbon materials also enables the cobalt-containing particles to provide more active sites to accelerate the catalytic process. , Hence, the oxidation products of ZIF-67 can promote the fast decomposition of excess AP.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Roles of ZIF-67 as an Energetic Additive in the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate

et al. 2021

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Energetic additives can effectively increase the heat release of ammonium perchlorate (AP) decomposition to prevent nonenergetic additives from decreasing the energy density of composite solid propellants. However, the roles of energetic additives are unclear due to their complex changes in the decomposition process. Using ZIF-67 as a model energetic additive, we investigate its roles and catalytic processes in the decomposition of AP, especially the effect on heat release. We find that the decomposition process includes two periods: low-temperature oxidation of ZIF-67 by AP and high-temperature catalytic decomposition of excess AP. The oxidation of ZIF-67 can release a mass of heat and provide oxidation products for catalytic decomposition of excess AP. Meanwhile, the heat release of excess AP is increased to 2.33 times compared with pure AP (1.83 vs 0.78 kJ•g −1 ), and the relationship between heat release and the content of ZIF-67 is quantified. Our results provide new insights into the roles of MOFs in enhancing the thermal decomposition of AP.

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“…Considering that the heat release of AP can also significantly influence the combustibility of CSPs, there is an urgent need to develop a catalyst that can reduce the HTD temperature and increase the heat release of AP. The combustion exothermic reaction of carbon materials (for instance, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and amorphous carbon) with an oxidizing gas produced by the thermal decomposition of AP has excellent performance in increasing heat release but exhibits mediocre performance in reducing the HTD temperature, − except for the purposely designed ordered porous graphitized carbon with a large specific surface area …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zeolite Imidazolate Frameworks-67 Precursor to Fabricate a Highly Active Cobalt-Embedded N-Doped Porous Graphitized Carbon Catalyst for the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate

et al. 2021

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The more apparent specific heat release at a lower high-temperature decomposition (HTD) temperature of ammonium perchlorate (AP) poses a challenge for the development of highly active catalysts. In this work, a well-designed cobalt-embedded N-doped porous graphitized carbon (Co@NC) catalyst is obtained by high-temperature calcination of a zeolite imidazolate frameworks-67 precursor, in which the cobalt catalytic active center realizes effective nanoscale dispersion; meanwhile, the cobalt and N-doped porous graphitized carbon can release considerable heat after oxidation, and the cobalt oxides have an excellent catalytic effect on reducing the HTD temperature of AP. The catalytic activity of Co@NC was tested by a differential thermal analytical method. The results indicated that the HTD peak of AP was significantly decreased by 100.5 °C, the apparent activation energy of the HTD reaction of AP was reduced by 82.0 kJ mol–1, and the heat release compared with pure AP increased 2.9 times. On teh basis of these findings, Co@NC is expected to be one of the best candidate materials for AP thermal decomposition.

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Catalytic action of carbon nanotubes on ammonium perchlorate thermal behavior

Cited by 17 publications

References 46 publications

Accelerated Decomposition Kinetics of Ammonium Perchlorate via Conformal Graphene Coating

Accelerated Decomposition Kinetics of Ammonium Perchlorate via Conformal Graphene Coating

Exploring the Roles of ZIF-67 as an Energetic Additive in the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate

Zeolite Imidazolate Frameworks-67 Precursor to Fabricate a Highly Active Cobalt-Embedded N-Doped Porous Graphitized Carbon Catalyst for the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate

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