Catalysts for the Controlled Polymerization of Conjugated Dienes

Abstract

Since its first discovery at the beginning of the 1960s […]

Catalytic Behavior of Cobalt Complexes Bearing Pyridine–Oxime Ligands in Isoprene Polymerization

“…The polymer structure was analyzed by NMR spectra conducting on a Bruker Advance 400 spectrometer at 298 K. 1 H NMR (400 Hz, CDCl 3 ) and 13 C NMR spectra (100 Hz, CDCl 3 ) of polyisoprene were recorded by using trimethylsilane as internal reference. The polyisoprene microstructure of the 1,4 and 3,4 ratio was determined from 1 H NMR of the 1,4 =CH signals at 5.15 ppm and the 3,4 =CH 2 signal at 4.7 ppm.…”

“…The development of novel catalysts for diene polymerization with high activity and selectivity has attracted considerable attention in the past decades for improved synthetic rubber [1,2]. Isoprene is one of the most popular monomers, playing an increasingly important role in the synthetic rubber industry ever since being isolated from natural rubber by Williams in 1860.…”

Preparation of Poly(Butadiene–Styrene–Vinyl Pyridine)/Poly(Acrylonitrile–Butadiene) Core–Shell Nanoparticles by Intermittent Seeded Emulsion Polymerization and Their Catalytic Latex Hydrogenation

“…The synthesis of nanoscale particulate latexes by emulsion polymerization or copolymerization has attracted much attention in various research fields and has been widely applied [1][2][3]. Emulsion polymerization is favored for its ability to effectively mitigate the heat generated during polymerization, reduce system viscosity at high conversion rates, and precisely control the reaction extent and nanoparticle size.…”

Quo Vadis Carbanionic Polymerization?

“…27,28 Stereospecific living (co)polymerizations of conjugated dienes such as 1,3butadiene, isoprene, allene, etc., are achieved using organometallic complexes (mostly with transition metal). 29,30 The resulting polymers can be converted to highly stereoregular polyolefins via hydrogenation and are essential for industries. 29 All polymerizations above are excluded from this Perspective since our discussion's scope refers to vinyl monomers' polymerization via carbanionic propagation and the comparison with controlled/living radical polymerizations.…”

“…Group transfer polymerization of (meth)­acrylates, acrylonitrile, and acrylamide is different because the propagation occurs via the repetitive Mukaiyama–Michael reaction . Cationic polymerization, a living polymerization via carbocation active chain-end, is essential for producing synthetic butyl rubber via the copolymerization of isobutylene and isoprene, followed by cross-linking of isoprene units. , Moreover, cationic polymerization is used to polymerize vinyl ether, N -vinyl carbazole, and styrene derivatives. , Stereospecific living (co)­polymerizations of conjugated dienes such as 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, allene, etc., are achieved using organometallic complexes (mostly with transition metal). , The resulting polymers can be converted to highly stereoregular polyolefins via hydrogenation and are essential for industries . All polymerizations above are excluded from this Perspective since our discussion’s scope refers to vinyl monomers’ polymerization via carbanionic propagation and the comparison with controlled/living radical polymerizations.…”