Catalyst-Free Biodiesel Production Methods: A Comparative Technical and Environmental Evaluation

Okoro, Oseweuba Valentine; Sun, Zhifa; Birch, John

doi:10.3390/su10010127

Cited by 32 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…where i out (cp) and i in (cp) are the rate of PEIs out and into of the system due to chemical interactions within the system, respectively; i out (ep) and i in (ep) are the rates of PEI out and into the system due to energy generation processes within the system; and i we (ep) and i we (cp) are the PEIs out of a system as a result of the release of waste energy due to energy generation and chemical processes within the system. Furthermore, M j (in) and M j (out) are the input and output mass flow rates of stream j; X k is the mass fraction of a component k in the stream j; ψ k is the overall Potential Environmental Impact of chemical k; and P p is the mass flowrate of product p [18]. To perform the environmental evaluation of a large scale production of magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) nanoparticles via coprecipitation, four study cases were formulated.…”

Section: Toxicological Impact Categoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Assessment of Large Scale Production of Magnetite (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles via Coprecipitation

et al. 2019

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Nanoparticles are materials with special properties that can be applied in different fields, such as medicine, engineering, food industry and cosmetics. The contributions regarding the synthesis of different types of nanoparticles have allowed researchers to determine a special group of nanoparticles with key characteristics for several applications. Magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) have attracted a significant amount of attention due to their ability to improve the properties of polymeric materials. For this reason, the development of novel/emerging large scale processes for the synthesis of nanomaterials is a great and important challenge. In this work, an environmental assessment of the large scale production of magnetite via coprecipitation was carried out with the aim to evaluate its potential impact on the environment at a processing capacity of 806.87 t/year of magnetite nanoparticles. The assessment was performed using a computer-aided tool based on the Waste Reduction Algorithm (WAR). This method allows us to quantify the impacts generated and classify them into eight different categories. The process does not generate any negative impacts that could harm the environment. This assessment allowed us to identify the applicability of the large scale production of magnetite nanoparticles from an environmental viewpoint.

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Section: Toxicological Impact Categoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Assessment of Large Scale Production of Magnetite (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles via Coprecipitation

et al. 2019

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“…Bioenergy recovery from biomass resources may be achieved via the employment of several biomass conversion pathways [1,2]. A review of literatures, however, highlights an upsurge in the application of anaerobic digestion (AD) technologies in recent times [3,4].…”

Section: Introduction: Hydrogen Sulphide (H 2 S) Formation During Anamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the utilisation of biogas containing H2S as a biofuel for combined heat and power generation also has the potential of leading to the corrosion of engines and the rapid degradation of engine lube oil [22]. The combustion of biogas containing H2S also leads to the formation of sulphur dioxide (SO2), via the reaction presented in Equation (1) [22,23]. SO2 is a precursor for acid rain formation that is responsible for several negative impacts on the environment, such as the destruction of agricultural vegetation and pollution of the surrounding aquatic environment [22,23].…”

Section: Introduction: Hydrogen Sulphide (H 2 S) Formation During Anamentioning

confidence: 99%

Desulphurisation of Biogas: A Systematic Qualitative and Economic-Based Quantitative Review of Alternative Strategies

Okoro

Sun

2019

ChemEngineering

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The desulphurisation of biogas for hydrogen sulphide (H2S) removal constitutes a significant challenge in the area of biogas research. This is because the retention of H2S in biogas presents negative consequences on human health and equipment durability. The negative impacts are reflective of the potentially fatal and corrosive consequences reported when biogas containing H2S is inhaled and employed as a boiler biofuel, respectively. Recognising the importance of producing H2S-free biogas, this paper explores the current state of research in the area of desulphurisation of biogas. In the present paper, physical–chemical, biological, in-situ, and post-biogas desulphurisation strategies were extensively reviewed as the basis for providing a qualitative comparison of the strategies. Additionally, a review of the costing data combined with an analysis of the inherent data uncertainties due underlying estimation assumptions have also been undertaken to provide a basis for quantitative comparison of the desulphurisation strategies. It is anticipated that the combination of the qualitative and quantitative comparison approaches employed in assessing the desulphurisation strategies reviewed in the present paper will aid in future decisions involving the selection of the preferred biogas desulphurisation strategy to satisfy specific economic and performance-related targets.

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“…Due to the fact that fossil oil is widely used, it is leading to gradual deterioration of the global environment, such as global warming, the greenhouse effect, and haze. In addition, the damage to the environment caused by carbon emissions during the production and use of fossil fuels is so important that it cannot be neglected [2,3]. For this reason, many studies have been undertaken to develop sustainable liquid fuel alternatives thanks to the global efforts to encourage a shift from fossil fuels to renewable and cleaner biofuels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this reason, many studies have been undertaken to develop sustainable liquid fuel alternatives thanks to the global efforts to encourage a shift from fossil fuels to renewable and cleaner biofuels. These studies have resulted in the identification of biodiesel as a sustainable and environmentally safe fuel alternative [2]. It also has the advantage of being of photosynthetic origin, eco-friendly, renewable and a part of the carbon cycle [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection of the Most Suitable Alternative Fuel Depending on the Fuel Characteristics and Price by the Hybrid MCDM Method

Erdoğan

Sayın

2018

Sustainability

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In recent years, in order to increase the quality of life of people, energy usage has become very important. Researchers are constantly searching for new sources of energy due to increased energy demand. Engine tests are being conducted to investigate the feasibility of the new sources of energy such as alternative fuels. In the engine tests, engine performance, combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions are evaluated by obtaining the results. The effect of newly developed fuels on engine lifetime, safe transport and storage are also examined for fuel availability. In addition, the potential and the price of fuels are important in terms of sustainability. In these studies, laboratory environments are needed for experimental setups. It is difficult to determine the availability of the most suitable alternative fuel since numerous results are obtained in the engine tests and studies. This integrated model provides a great advantage in terms of time and cost. The physical and chemical properties of the fuel affect experimental results such as engine performance, combustion, and exhaust emission. The suggested model can be making the most efficient and eco-friendly fuel choice without the need for experimental studies by using physical and chemical properties of the fuel. It also can offer the best fuel for cost, safety and maintenance processes. In this study, animal fat biodiesel derived from waste animal fats and vegetable oil biodiesel produced from aspir-canola oils were investigated. Biodiesel fuels are mixed with diesel at 5%, 20%, and 50%, and nine different fuels prepared with three pure fuels, and six different fuel blends are compared. Before using these fuels in an experimental study, estimates are made about which fuels may be more advantageous in terms of many criteria. In the process, nine varied fuel specifications are taken as references such as calorific value, cetane number, oxygen content rate, fuel price, flash point, viscosity, lubricity, iodine number and water content. The criteria weights are determined with SWARA (Step-Wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis) from multi-criteria decision-making models, and MULTIMOORA (Multi-Objective Optimization on the basis of Ratio Analysis) is ranked according to fuels' characteristics from the best to the worst. While theoretically, the best fuel is ultimately VOB20, VOB50 and AFB20 were selected as the second fuel and the third fuel.

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Catalyst-Free Biodiesel Production Methods: A Comparative Technical and Environmental Evaluation

Cited by 32 publications

References 45 publications

Environmental Assessment of Large Scale Production of Magnetite (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles via Coprecipitation

Environmental Assessment of Large Scale Production of Magnetite (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles via Coprecipitation

Desulphurisation of Biogas: A Systematic Qualitative and Economic-Based Quantitative Review of Alternative Strategies

Selection of the Most Suitable Alternative Fuel Depending on the Fuel Characteristics and Price by the Hybrid MCDM Method

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