Catalyst-free aldol condensation of ketones and isatins under mild reaction conditions in DMF with molecular sieves 4 Å as additive

Chen, Wen‐Bing; Liao, Yu‐Hua; Du, Xin; Zhang, Xiaomei; Yuan, Wei‐Cheng

doi:10.1039/b906684e

Cited by 46 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Chen et al (2009) investigated the effects of heavy metals and reported a correlation of Ni and V with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. An extended study over six counties in California showed that Cu, K, Zn and Ti in PM 2.5 were related to multiple mortality categories, and especially to cardiovascular deaths (Ostro et al, 2007).…”

Section: Particulate Matter and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate matter, air quality and climate: lessons learned and future needs

et al. 2015

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Abstract. The literature on atmospheric particulate matter (PM), or atmospheric aerosol, has increased enormously over the last 2 decades and amounts now to some 1500-2000 papers per year in the refereed literature. This is in part due to the enormous advances in measurement technologies, which have allowed for an increasingly accurate understanding of the chemical composition and of the physical properties of atmospheric particles and of their processes in the atmosphere. The growing scientific interest in atmospheric aerosol particles is due to their high importance for environmental policy. In fact, particulate matter constitutes one of the most challenging problems both for air quality and for climate change policies. In this context, this paper reviews the most recent results within the atmospheric aerosol sciences and the policy needs, which have driven much of the increase in monitoring and mechanistic research over the last 2 decades.The synthesis reveals many new processes and developments in the science underpinning climate-aerosol interactions and effects of PM on human health and the environment. However, while airborne particulate matter is responsible for globally important influences on premature human mortality, we still do not know the relative importance of the different chemical components of PM for these effects. Likewise, the magnitude of the overall effects of PM on climate remains highly uncertain. Despite the uncertainty there are many things that could be done to mitigate local and global problems of atmospheric PM. Recent analyses have shown that reducing black carbon (BC) emissions, using known control measures, would reduce global warming and delay the time when anthropogenic effects on global temperature would exceed 2 • C. Likewise, cost-effective control measures on ammonia, an important agricultural precursor gas for secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA), would reduce regional eutrophication and PM concentrations in large areas of Europe, China and the USA. Thus, there is much that could be done to reduce the effects of atmospheric PM on the climate and the health of the environment and the human population.A prioritized list of actions to mitigate the full range of effects of PM is currently undeliverable due to shortcomings in the knowledge of aerosol science; among the shortcomings, the roles of PM in global climate and the relative roles of Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 8218S. Fuzzi et al.: Particulate matter, air quality and climate different PM precursor sources and their response to climate and land use change over the remaining decades of this century are prominent. In any case, the evidence from this paper strongly advocates for an integrated approach to air quality and climate policies.

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Section: Particulate Matter and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate matter, air quality and climate: lessons learned and future needs

et al. 2015

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“…Although the water-soluble fraction of OA emitted by wood combustion can absorb light in the visible and ultraviolet region of the spectra, its overall absorption effect is rela-tively small but could be relevant over bright surfaces (Chen et al, 2010).…”

Section: Wood Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As already discussed in the previous paragraph, aerosol-cloud interactions are nonlinear and very variable with space and time; hence, they are very difficult to quantify using observations. Chen et al (2010) investigated the effect of the change in aerosol number concentration and CCN that would result from the reduction in carbonaceous aerosol emissions using a global model. The authors reduced the primary emissions of black and OC mass and number from either only fossil fuel combustion or from all primary carbonaceous sources (fossil fuel, domestic fuel and biomass burning).…”

Section: Light-absorbing Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate matter, air quality and climate: lessons learned and future needs

Fuzzi¹,

Baltensperger²,

Carslaw³

et al. 2015

Preprint

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Abstract. The literature on atmospheric particulate matter (PM), or atmospheric aerosol, has increased enormously over the last two decades and amounts now to some 1500–2000 papers per year in the refereed literature. This is in part due to the enormous advances in measurement technologies, which has allowed for an increasingly accurate understanding of the chemical composition and of the physical properties of atmospheric particles and of their processes in the atmosphere. The growing scientific interest in atmospheric aerosol particles is due to their high importance for environmental policy. In fact, particulate matter constitutes one of the most challenging problems both for air quality and climate change policies. In this context, this paper reviews the most recent results within the atmospheric aerosol science, and the policy needs, which have driven much of the increase in monitoring and mechanistic research over the last two decades. The synthesis reveals many new processes and developments in the science underpinning climate–aerosol interactions and effects of PM on human health and the environment. But, while airborne particulate matter is responsible for globally important effects on premature human mortality, we still do not know the relative importance of different chemical components of PM for these effects. Likewise, the magnitude of the overall effects of PM on climate remains highly uncertain. Despite the uncertainty there are many things that could be done to mitigate local and global problems of atmospheric PM. Recent analyses have shown that reducing BC emissions, using known control measures would reduce global warming and delay the time when anthropogenic effects on global temperature would exceed 2 °C. Likewise, cost effective control measures on ammonia, an important agricultural precursor gas for secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA), would reduce regional eutrophication and PM concentrations in large areas of Europe, China, and the USA. Thus there is much that could be done to reduce effects of atmospheric PM on the climate and the health of the environment and human population. A prioritized list of actions to mitigate the full range of effects of PM is currently undeliverable due to shortcomings in knowledge of aerosol science among which the roles of PM in global climate and the relative roles of different PM precursor sources and their response to climate and land use change over the remaining decades of this century are prominent.

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“…We envisioned that the realization of this concept would open new avenues to access the important oxindole framework containing a tetrasubstituted stereogenic center at C-3 of the oxindole. Therefore, on the basis of some successes in stereoablative reactions [8a, 9] and as a continuation of our investigations aimed at developing new strategies for the synthesis of structurally diverse 3,3-disubstituted oxindole derivatives, [10] we developed a new strategy for the enantioselective synthesis of 3-substituted 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles through stereoablative hydroxylation of 3-halooxindoles with environmentally benign organocatalysts and by using oximes [11] as oxygen nucleophiles (Scheme 1). To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first example employing 3-substituted oxindoles as electrophilic partners for the generation of enantioenriched 3-substituted 3-hydroxy-2-oxindole derivatives.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Organocatalytic Enantioselective Stereoablative Hydroxylation of 3‐Halooxindoles: An Effective Method for the Construction of Enantioenriched 3‐Substituted 3‐Hydroxy‐2‐Oxindoles

Liao

Han

et al. 2012

Chemistry A European J

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3‐Substituted oxindoles as electrophilic partners: An unprecedented method for the construction of hydroxylated 3‐substituted oxindoles in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities through stereoablative hydroxylation of 3‐halooxindoles with an organocatalyst has been developed. This process not only differs from the common convention of using 3‐substituted oxindoles as nucleophiles, but also provides a viable entry to optically active 3‐substituted 3‐hydroxy‐2‐oxindoles (see scheme).

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Catalyst-free aldol condensation of ketones and isatins under mild reaction conditions in DMF with molecular sieves 4 Å as additive

Cited by 46 publications

References 54 publications

Particulate matter, air quality and climate: lessons learned and future needs

Particulate matter, air quality and climate: lessons learned and future needs

Particulate matter, air quality and climate: lessons learned and future needs

Organocatalytic Enantioselective Stereoablative Hydroxylation of 3‐Halooxindoles: An Effective Method for the Construction of Enantioenriched 3‐Substituted 3‐Hydroxy‐2‐Oxindoles

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