Catalyst deactivation in heavy petroleum and synthetic crude processing: a review

Thakur, Deepak; Thomas, Michael G.

doi:10.1016/s0166-9834(00)81837-0

Cited by 133 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…In heavy oil hydrocracking, the rate determining step is the diffusion of large molecules through the catalyst pores to reach the active sites [13]. Therefore, the pore size of the catalyst is a key variable to improve its performance in the hydrocracking of heavy oils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroporous NiMo/alumina catalyst for the hydrocracking of vacuum residue

Kim

Nguyen‐Huy

Shin

2014

Reac Kinet Mech Cat

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We prepared a macro-mesoporous NiMo/alumina catalyst by the introduction of macroporosity to an alumina support, and tested its catalytic performance in the hydrocracking of vacuum residue for the first time. In this reaction, the use of the macro-mesoporous NiMo/alumina catalyst clearly led to a more desirable product distribution-a higher liquid yield and lower gas yield-than a mesoporous NiMo/alumina catalyst. This indicates that the macro-mesoporous catalyst structure facilitated hydrogenation relative to the mesoporous catalyst; for the latter, hydrocracking was relatively dominant. N 2 adsorption/desorption experiments confirmed that NiMo impregnation reduced the pore size and volume, as well as the surface area, implying that the NiMo phases were located inside the mesopores and macropores. Macroporosity in the alumina support played an important role in improving the accessibility of vacuum residue to the NiMo active sites located inside pores, which are responsible for hydrogenation. By promoting hydrogenation, the macro-mesoporous NiMo/alumina catalyst increased the liquid yield of the hydrocracking of vacuum residue.Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroporous NiMo/alumina catalyst for the hydrocracking of vacuum residue

Kim

Nguyen‐Huy

Shin

2014

Reac Kinet Mech Cat

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“…Catalysts deactivation is a great concern in the hydroprocessing of heavy oils and residues [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Various causes of deactivation have been identified for hydroprocessing catalysts including metal and coke deposition, poisoning and sintering [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various causes of deactivation have been identified for hydroprocessing catalysts including metal and coke deposition, poisoning and sintering [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Deactivation extent strongly depends on feedstock properties, operating conditions, catalyst properties and type of reactor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Deactivation extent strongly depends on feedstock properties, operating conditions, catalyst properties and type of reactor. Due to the complexity of the process, hydroprocessing is often accomplished in multistage, i.e., a series of reactor and/or several catalytic beds aiming to protect the tail-end catalysts from premature deactivation [1][2][3]. Through the different stages, one or several specific goals are aimed; diminish metal content, transform asphaltenes and resins, extinguish metal-containing molecules, lessen sulfur and nitrogen content, achieve ultra-deep sulfur levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalyst deactivation pattern along a residue hydrotreating bench-scale reactor

et al. 2014

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“…During hydroconversion processes, catalyst deactivation is often caused by the deposition of coke and metals on the catalyst surface [1][2][3][4]. Several studies have shown that the activity of residue hydroconversion catalysts is proportional to the coke concentration [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rejuvenation of Residue Hydroconversion Catalysts by H-donor Solvents

2008

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The spent hydroprocessing catalyst from conversion of bitumen was extracted with hydrotreated gas oil, tetralin and tetralin-pyrene as solvents at 400°C and 10 MPa hydrogen pressure in order to remove coke and rejuvennate catalyst activity. The reactive extraction of solvents partially removed the coke on catalyst with the order of effectiveness: gas oil \ tetralin \ tetralin-pyrene. Tetralin showed higher ability than the gas oil for the coke removal by donating hydrogen in situ to hydrogenate the coke. Binary tetralin/pyrene solvent mixture gave synergism for removing coke on the catalyst due to the ability of pyrene to shuttle hydrogen to form more active H-donors, hydropyrenes. HDS activity of the spent catalyst was enhanced after the coke removal.

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Catalyst deactivation in heavy petroleum and synthetic crude processing: a review

Cited by 133 publications

References 84 publications

Macroporous NiMo/alumina catalyst for the hydrocracking of vacuum residue

Macroporous NiMo/alumina catalyst for the hydrocracking of vacuum residue

Catalyst deactivation pattern along a residue hydrotreating bench-scale reactor

Rejuvenation of Residue Hydroconversion Catalysts by H-donor Solvents

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