Catalyst consumption during one and two steps transesterification of crude soybean oils

Pisarello, María Laura; Querini, C.A.

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2013.08.109

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Temperature, process duration and catalyst concentration are the key parameters of carrying out interesterification reactions that affect the completeness of the process in the initial fat. Since the change in the melting temperature of palm olein corresponds to the change in the triacylglycerol content as a result of ineresterification [15] and if the interesterified substance is palm olein for which the melting point has increased by (12)(13)(14) °C, the use of the melting point as an initial parameter helps control the effectiveness of the process. At each point of the experiment, there is a variation of the selected factors revealing varying extents of reaction and different melting temperatures for palm olein.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A comparison of the effectiveness of using sodium methylate and potassium as well as sodium hydroxide and potassium as catalysts for interesterification has proved that much of hydroxides of both sodium and potassium is spent on saponification of fatty material, which reduces the degree of converting triacylglycerols in the reaction of interesterification; thus, it is necessary to choose such catalysts that would minimize soap formation [12].…”

Section: исследовано влияние основных параметров процесса переэтерифиmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1-3 can produce a conclusion that the maximum melting temperature of palm olein observed was 100 °C when the process had lasted for about 1.5 hours and the catalyst concentration was 0.5 %. Since it has been determined that palm olein becomes interesterified if the melting temperature increases by (12)(13)(14) °C [15], the interesterification process can be considered effective at reaching this point of the melting temperatures difference. Thus, the values of the process parameters in which this condition is achieved can produce fat interesterification by using potassium glycerate as the catalyst.…”

Section: Fig 1 the Dependence Of The Palm Olein Melting Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A study of fat interesterification parameters’ effect on the catalytic reaction activity of potassium glycerate

Sytnik

Демидов

Kunitsa

et al. 2016

EEJET

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: исследовано влияние основных параметров процесса переэтерифиmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fig 1 the Dependence Of The Palm Olein Melting Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A study of fat interesterification parameters’ effect on the catalytic reaction activity of potassium glycerate

Sytnik

Демидов

Kunitsa

et al. 2016

EEJET

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…They require shorter reaction times, consume less alcohol in a simple process [4,5], and are the reactants are easily dispersed and well mixed in the reactor. As a downside, these catalysts facilitate (1) TG + 3 Alcohol Catalyst ⟷ 3 Ester + Glycerol saponification reactions and require large amounts of wash water in the process [6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In biodiesel production, soap is formed by FFA neutralization (Eq. 2) [7], saponification of triglyceride (Eq. 5) [14], and of FAME (Eq.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel produced using potassium methoxide homogeneous alkaline catalyst: effects of various factors on soap formation

Chanakaewsomboon

Phoungthong

Palamanit

et al. 2021

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During transesterification reactions, catalyst content, free fatty acids (FFA), and water content affect the final ester content, which is also impacted by soap formation that is yet to be completely elucidated. This research aimed to examine the effects of reaction time (0-10 min), FFA content (0.2-1.1 wt%), and potassium methoxide amount (KOCH 3 0.5-2.42 wt%) during the transesterification reaction of refined palm oil containing 0.49 wt% FFA. Soap formation occurred during the first few seconds of the reaction, and then, the soap content remained relatively constant. From a microscopic point view, soap should act as a mass-diffusion barrier reducing reactant mass fluxes to the reaction zone. High FFA content in palm oil causes high soap formation. A high-water content leads to soap formation in FAME and RPO. FFA contributes to soap formation due to neutralization and saponification reactions. It was found that the optimal catalyst content to meet biodiesel property standards (i.e., particularly that the ester content is greater than 96.5%) was 1.0 wt% of oil. Catalyst addition below 0.7 wt % resulted in diesel that did not meet the required ester content standard. Catalyst addition exceeding 1% did not improve the conversion further, but it increases the production costs. Regarding the effects of the type of catalyst on the 2 nd step transesterification of FAME, the use of potassium hydroxide showed more soap formation than potassium methoxide. The results suggest that the drawbacks associated with high catalyst utilization should be addressed.

show abstract

The Inhibiting Behavior of Glycerol on the Kinetics of Transesterification of Palm Oil

Phoopisutthisak

Prasertsit

Tongurai

2018

Appl Biochem Biotechnol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Glycerol, a by-product from transesterification, is well-known as one of the factors inhibiting the reaction. Previous works have mostly shown that the reaction rate slows to a near-steady state and eventually reaches chemical equilibrium. This work aimed to study the inhibiting behavior of glycerol on the transesterification of palm oil. Observation under an LCD digital microscopy showed that glycerol-coated droplets of catalyst-methanol dispersed in the triglyceride phase. This work proposes that glycerol inhibits transesterification by the following mechanism: Droplets of catalyst-methanol disperse into the triglyceride phase; the reaction takes place at an interphase called the reactive zone; methyl ester, the desired product, has low polarity and moves to the triglyceride phase, whereas glycerol, the non-desired product, is more highly polar and accumulates on the droplet surface of catalyst-methanol droplets, inhibiting triglyceride mass transfer and diluting the concentration of the catalyst-methanol. The triglyceride mass transfer coefficient and reaction rate constant were both investigated and expressed as the exponential function.

show abstract

Catalyst consumption during one and two steps transesterification of crude soybean oils

Cited by 24 publications

References 27 publications

A study of fat interesterification parameters’ effect on the catalytic reaction activity of potassium glycerate

A study of fat interesterification parameters’ effect on the catalytic reaction activity of potassium glycerate

Biodiesel produced using potassium methoxide homogeneous alkaline catalyst: effects of various factors on soap formation

The Inhibiting Behavior of Glycerol on the Kinetics of Transesterification of Palm Oil

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About