Catalysis with Doped Sol‐Gel Silicates

Abstract

Silicates doped with catalytic species have\ud only been slowly adopted by the fine chemicals and\ud pharmaceutical industries, in spite of their remarkable\ud and unique properties such as pronounced physical\ud and chemical stability; high (enantio)selective\ud activity and ease of materials production and application.\ud This is now changing thanks to stricter safety\ud regulations and to concomitant success of the first\ud commercial catalysts. In this account we tell the\ud story of these materials and identify some deficiencies\ud in the innovation process that may serve as\ud lesson in guiding the future management of innovation\ud in these relevant industries

Magnetically Separable Base Catalysts: Heterogeneous Catalysis vs. Quasi-Homogeneous Catalysis

“…However, the reactivity and the selectivity of these catalysts were significantly lower than with their homogeneous analogues. A Sol-gel process, which is based on the hydrolysis and polycondensation of metal alkoxides, has been also utilized extensively for the preparation of heterogenized catalysts [2][3][4][5][6]. According to this method, the heterogenization process can be achieved via physical encapsulation of homogeneous catalyst or by covalent binding of catalysts functionalized with trialkoxysilane groups.…”

Ionic liquids as dynamic templating agents for sol–gel silica systems: synergistic anion and cation effect on the silica structured growth

“…Intrinsically, the nanoscale corresponds to an elevated active surface area, which increases the number of reactive centers (Si-OH), enhancing the adsorption ability as well as chemical reactivity [6]. Those characteristics make this type of silica highly desirable in a wide variety of fields, e.g., catalysis [7], biotechnology [8] and nanocomposites [9].…”

Nitroxide‐Catalyzed Alcohol Oxidations in Organic Synthesis

“…97 As the oxidation of glycerol demonstrates, even the exhaustive oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols of glycerol to the sodium salt of ketomalonic acid is possible in high yields, even though the pH in this reaction was held at 10 (Scheme 12.18). 98 …”