“…X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements for the Co/Co(OH) 2 /G and Ru/Co/Co(OH) 2 /G catalysts were carried out to gain the crystallite phase of Ru or Co‐containing and the results are given in Figure . The diffraction peak at ∼26° is assigned to (002) plane of graphite, in a good agreement with graphene in the references . It reveals that the catalyst support is graphene.…”
The nanocatalyst of graphene‐supported ruthenium/cobalt/cobalt hydroxide nanoparticles (denoted as Ru/Co/Co(OH)2/G) was obtained at ambient temperature by using chemical reduction with hydrazine hydrate as reducing agent and galvanic replacement reaction methods. The nanostructure of Ru nanoclusters‐on‐cobalt‐on‐cobalt hydroxide nanoparticles (NPs) has been proved in Ru/Co/Co(OH)2/G by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), high resolution TEM (HRTEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (STEM‐EDS) elemental line scanning and mapping analysis, and high‐sensitivity low‐energy ion scattering (HS‐LEIS) measurement techniques. The Ru/Co/Co(OH)2/G catalyst showed excellent catalytic activity and 100% selectivity toward decalin for naphthalene hydrogenation reaction at the reaction temperature of 100 °C under initial 4.48 MPa hydrogen pressure probably owing to the synergetic effect of Ru, Co and Co(OH)2 active sites.
“…X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements for the Co/Co(OH) 2 /G and Ru/Co/Co(OH) 2 /G catalysts were carried out to gain the crystallite phase of Ru or Co‐containing and the results are given in Figure . The diffraction peak at ∼26° is assigned to (002) plane of graphite, in a good agreement with graphene in the references . It reveals that the catalyst support is graphene.…”
The nanocatalyst of graphene‐supported ruthenium/cobalt/cobalt hydroxide nanoparticles (denoted as Ru/Co/Co(OH)2/G) was obtained at ambient temperature by using chemical reduction with hydrazine hydrate as reducing agent and galvanic replacement reaction methods. The nanostructure of Ru nanoclusters‐on‐cobalt‐on‐cobalt hydroxide nanoparticles (NPs) has been proved in Ru/Co/Co(OH)2/G by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), high resolution TEM (HRTEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (STEM‐EDS) elemental line scanning and mapping analysis, and high‐sensitivity low‐energy ion scattering (HS‐LEIS) measurement techniques. The Ru/Co/Co(OH)2/G catalyst showed excellent catalytic activity and 100% selectivity toward decalin for naphthalene hydrogenation reaction at the reaction temperature of 100 °C under initial 4.48 MPa hydrogen pressure probably owing to the synergetic effect of Ru, Co and Co(OH)2 active sites.
“…S2, showing that the steady-state current was increased in the following order: bare Cu < rGO ≈ Cu NPs < Cu-rGO. It is noteworthy that the current density of the Cu-rGO nanocomposite was much higher, and the onset potential was much lower in comparison with other copper-based catalysts for the electroreduction of CO 2 that have been recently reported in the literature 36–38, 42–44 .Figure 2( a ) LSV curves of the bare Cu substrate, rGO, Cu NPs and Cu-rGO nanocomposite electrodes; and ( b ) the corresponding Nyquist plots measured at the potential of −0.4 V in a CO 2 -saturated 0.1 M NaHCO 3 solution. Inset: the equivalent electric circuit used for fitting the EIS data, where Rs = solution resistance; CPE = constant phase element; Rct = charge-transfer resistance; Ws = Warburg impedance (short).
…”
The electrochemical reduction of CO2 to useful chemicals and fuels has garnered a keen and broad interest. Herein, we report a unique nanocomposite consisting of Cu nanoparticles (NPs) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) supported on a Cu substrate with a high catalytic activity for CO2 reduction. The nanocomposite was optimized in terms of the composition of Cu NPs and rGO as well as the overall amount. A gas chromatograph was employed to analyze the gaseous products, whereas a chemical oxygen demand (COD) method was proposed and utilized to quantify the overall liquid products. The optimized nanocomposite could effectively reduce CO2 to CO, HCOOH and CH4 with a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 76.6% at −0.4 V (vs. RHE) in a CO2 saturated NaHCO3 solution. The remarkable catalytic activity, high FE, and excellent stability make this Cu-rGO nanocomposite promising for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to value-added products to address the pressing environmental and energy challenges.
“…XRD was used to determine the structural information and the influence of In NPs in Pd 1.0 /3D‐RGO, In 1.0 /3D‐RGO and Pd 0.5 ‐In 0.5 /3D‐RGO (Figure ). In the case of graphite oxide, after the Vitamin C reduction, the obvious diffraction peak located at around 23° corresponded to the C (002) lattice plane, which was little compared with metal/2D‐RGO . According to Prague equation , the layer spacing of metal/3D‐RGO had grown after the metal and graphite oxide reduced.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 94%
“…An aqueous solution of KHCO 3 (0.5 mol/L) was choice as both catholyte and anolyte in the experiments. The working electrodes were treated as previous methods . CO 2 gas (99.99 %) and N 2 gas (99.99 %) at 1 atm was bubbled through the solution for 30 min before all measurements.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 87%
“…It based on the structure of metal/3D‐RGO that metal NPs combined with graphene in XPS and TEM, which had high surface areas and rapid electronic transfer compared with metal/2D‐RGO catalyst. Combined the Figure and Table , it obviously showed that Pd 0.5 ‐In 0.5 /3D‐RGO had more positive peak potential (−0.7 V) than Pd 1.0 /3D‐RGO at approximately −1.2 V and In 1.0 /3D‐RGO at −0.73 V, which was more positive than Pd 1.0 /2D‐RGO catalyst (‐1.21 V) . Meanwhile, the reduction current multiple under CO 2 with respect to nitrogen at −2 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) was sorted: Pd 0.5 ‐In 0.5 /3D‐RGO (4.56)>Pd 1.0 /3D‐RGO (2.59)>In 1.0 /3D‐RGO (2.28).…”
Electrocatalytic reduction of CO 2 to formate on carbon based electrodes is known to suffer from low electrochemical reaction activity and product selectivity. Pd/three-dimensional graphene (Pd/3D-RGO), In/3D-RGO and Pd-In/3D-RGO for the electrochemical reduction of CO 2 were prepared by a mild method that combines chemical and hydrothermal. The metal/3D-graphenes (metal/3D-RGO) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Cyclic voltammetry and the ion chromatography were performed to investigate the electrochemical performance of the metal/3D-RGO. The morphology and dispersion of metal/3D-RGO are 3D structure with amount of interconnected pores with metal NPs loading on the fold. And the Pd 0.5 -In 0.5 /3D-RGO show excellent surface performance with well dispersion and smallest particle size (12.8 nm). XPS reveal that binding energy of Pd (In) NPs is shifted to negative energy, for the metal lose electrons in metal and combine with C, which is demonstrated in the HNO 3 experiment. The peak potential of Pd 0.5 -In 0.5 /3D-RGO is À0.70 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), which is more positive than In 1.0 /3D-RGO (À0.73 V) and Pd 1.0 / 3D-RGO (À1.2 V). The highest faradaic efficiency (85.3 %) happens in Pd 0.5 -In 0.5 /3D-RGO at À1.6 V vs. Ag/ AgCl. In these experiments, the special structure that metal NPs combine with C and the bimetal NPs give a direction to convert CO 2 to formate.
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