Catalysis in molten salt media

Parshall, G. W.

doi:10.1021/ja00780a013

Cited by 170 publications

(104 citation statements)

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“…It is important to note that, using BMI.BF 4 as solvent, the formation of butane only occurs after more than 95% of the 1,3-butadiene was converted into butenes (see Figure 1). Moreover, we observed that the formed 1-butene is isomerised in 2-butenes even in the early stages of the process, suggesting the involvement of Pd-H species similar to those formed in the one-phase hydrogenation 11 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

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Pd(II)-dissolved in ionic liquids: a recyclable catalytic system for the selective biphasic hydrogenation of dienes to monoenes

Dupont¹,

Suarez²,

Umpierre³

et al. 2000

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Bis-acetilacetonato de paládio dissolvido no líquido iônico tetrafluoroborato de 1-n-butil-3-metilimidazólio catalisa de forma seletiva a hidrogenação de dienos conjugados e não-conjugados (funcionalizados ou não) às suas respectivas mono-olefinas. O sistema não requer o uso de cosolventes orgânicos, sendo os produtos da reação separados por simples decantação ou destilação. A fase iônica pode ser reutilizada até 15 vezes sem perdas significativas na sua atividade catalítica e seletividade.Palladium acetylacetonate dissolved in 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid catalyses the selective two-phase hydrogenation of conjugated and non-conjugated (functionalized and non-functionalized) dienes into the respective monoenes. The system does not require the use of organic solvents, the products are removed by simple decantation or distillation and the recovered ionic catalytic solution can be reused several times without any significant changes in its catalytic activity and selectivity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…In a homogenous hydrogenation mixture there is a competition between the diene and the monoene for the catalytic active site (see Scheme 2) 11 . The reaction pathway involving the η 3 -allyl intermediate is thermodynamically favoured.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pd(II)-dissolved in ionic liquids: a recyclable catalytic system for the selective biphasic hydrogenation of dienes to monoenes

Dupont¹,

Suarez²,

Umpierre³

et al. 2000

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…The potential to use the properties of ILs in order to facilitate simple product separation after catalytic reactions was recognized by Parshall (12) nearly thirty years ago, Ά major problem in homogeneous catalysis is the separation of products from the catalyst.An approach that seems under utilized is the use of molten salts as stable, non-volatile solvents from which organic products are readily separated by distillation...A substantial advantage of the molten salt medium, however, is that the product may be separated by décantation or simple distillation'. Novelty, combined with the limited available range of low melting molten salts, were significant barriers to general acceptance and utilization of ILs or low temperature molten salts.…”

Section: Ionic Liquid Perspective On Green Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Chemistry and Ionic Liquids: Synergies and Ironies

Holbrey

Rogers

2002

ACS Symposium Series

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Ionic liquids are often portrayed as Green Solvents, however, 'Greenness' can only be measured in the context of the overall process. A perspective on the applications of ionic liquids in Green Chemistry, which focuses on the characteristics of ionic liquids and their contributions to Green Synthesis and Separations processes, followed by an explanation of the objectives and general organization of this book are presented.The recent growth in interest in ionic liquids (ILs), reflected by articles in the scientific and popular press (i) has been driven largely by the perceived opportunities that are presented to effect improvements in industrial processes by using Green principles, driven by increased environmental awareness and the desire for increased process efficiency with associated overall cost savings (2).The basic, fundamental concepts behind both Green Chemistry and Ionic Liquids is not new, however, the growth of interest in ILs and the influence of new minds, new approaches and enthusiasm are generating new solutions and driving changes in industrial and commercial practice, proving that Green Chemistry alternatives exist. Industrial adoption of new methods and practices is, however, ultimately going to be based on cost and demonstration of both viability and significant improvements over current practice. It is essential that ionic liquid processes and technologies can be shown to be better than existing methods.2

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“…Já ao passar de cloreto a espécies AlCl 4 -, Al 2 Cl 7 -, etc, não se alteram significativamente as forças de interação, tendo-se apenas um aumento na massa molar e manutenção do empacotamento das espécies, e com isto um aumento esperado na densidade. 6 -(d 30 = 1,37 g.mL -1 ) apresenta uma densidade bem acima da esperada, o que pode ser explicado pelo maior empacotamento das espé-cies, responsável pela diminuição do volume específico do sal.…”

Section: Densidadeunclassified

“…Exemplos notáveis destes usos são as reações de oligomerização de etileno e propileno, levando a olefinas de maior peso molecular 3 , e reações de alquilação do hexametilbenzeno iniciadas eletroquimicamente 4 . Ainda na década de setenta, foram largamente estudados os sais com cátions do tipo tetralquilamônio 5 , os quais foram utilizados em eletroquímica e como solventes em catálise bifásica, na hidroformilação catalítica do eteno a etilenoglicol 6 e na hidrogenação catalítica de olefinas 7 . Porém, o alto ponto de fusão destes compostos, geralmente acima de 100°C, limitou o seu uso prático.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified