Catalisadores heterogêneos para a produção de monoésteres graxos (biodiesel)

Cordeiro, Claudiney Soares; Silva, Fabiano Rosa da; Wypych, Fernando; Ramos, Luiz Pereira

doi:10.1590/s0100-40422011000300021

Cited by 86 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…ILs, however, have proven to be an excellent media for the synthesis and modification of this biofuel, as recently reviewed. [37][38][39][40] In this sense, we decided to perform an enzymatic modification of biodiesel towards a better oxidative stability of the biofuel. 41 We have tested 9 commercially available lipases to promote the epoxidation of C=C bond of methyl oleate using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent (Scheme 16).…”

Section: Catalysis In Imidazolium-based Ionic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impressive chemistry, applications and features of ionic liquids: properties, catalysis & catalysts and trends

Neto¹,

Spencer²

2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Algumas das nossas contribuições para o desenvolvimento da área da catálise em líquidos iônicos são descritas. Além disto, o uso de ligantes ionofílicos bem como a utilização de catalisadores com "etiquetas iônicas" são apresentados e discutidos. Devido à importância dos líquidos iônicos, as suas propriedades fisicoquímicas de interesse bem como a sua organização supramolecular são temas discutidos.Some of our contributions to the development of catalysis in ionic liquids are described. Also, the use of ionophilic ligands and catalysts with ionic tags are presented and discussed. Due to the importance of ionic liquids, some physicochemical properties of interest and their supramolecular organization are described.

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Section: Catalysis In Imidazolium-based Ionic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impressive chemistry, applications and features of ionic liquids: properties, catalysis & catalysts and trends

Neto¹,

Spencer²

2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…After elimination of the water molecule from this intermediate, a fatty ester and a DAG are formed and the catalyst is regenerated after desorption of the reaction products from the surface. MAG and glicerol are formed from similar processes [7].…”

Section: Ethylic Transesterification Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most commonly employed production route for this biofuel is the transesterification of vegetable oils and animal fats using catalysts [4,5]. Due to its reversibility, this type of reaction is strongly influenced by several factors including temperature, the size and polarity of the alcohol chain, the acidity of the oil, and the type and concentration of catalyst [6,7]. Different solids have been used as catalysts for biodiesel synthesis and the performance of these materials is directly linked to the nature of the acidic or basic sites found in their structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pure and Al-doped ZnO obtained by the modified Pechini method applied in ethanolic transesterification of cottonseed oil

et al. 2017

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Pure zinc oxide (ZnO) and 5% Al-doped ZnO (ZNAL) were synthesized using the modified Pechini method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and UV-visible spectroscopy. XRF confirmed the theoretical stoichiometry, while XRD and Raman spectroscopy indicated that Al 3+ was incorporated into the ZnO wurtzite lattice with no secondary phases, leading to a decrease in the band gap value and to a meaningful increase of the Lewis basic sites. Pure and doped ZnO were used as catalysts in the ethylic transesterification of cottonseed oil using a factorial design to determine the best synthesis conditions. Oil conversion into biodiesel was evaluated by viscosity measurements and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. The results analyzed by factorial design indicated that the catalyst type and temperature were the determinant factors in the conversion indices. The highest basicity of the ZNAL lead to a significant increase of the catalytic potential, reaching a reduction of the oil viscosity next to 71% at 130 °C and greater than 85% at 200 °C.

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“…Destes, merece especial menção o interesse pelo desenvolvimento de sistemas catalíticos, preferencialmente heterogêneos, que sejam capazes de converter triacilglicerois e ácidos graxos a ésteres graxos simultaneamente, o que propiciaria o emprego de matérias graxas de baixo valor agregado para a produção de biodiesel. 35 Apesar da pujança do mercado internacional de biodiesel nestes últimos anos, a perspectiva de manutenção e/ou ampliação de sua participação na matriz energética mundial se vê comprometida pela aparente escassez de matéria-prima e pela tendência de que estas estejam sempre ofertadas em custo proibitivo para a produção economicamente viável deste biocombustível. Neste sentido, a busca por alternativas neste setor perpassa o conceito de diversificação de matérias-primas para revelar a necessidade do desenvolvimento de novas rotas tecnológicas, muitas delas distantes dos conceitos clás-sicos de esterificação ou transesterificação.…”

Section: Biomassaunclassified

Química Sem Fronteiras: o desafio da energia

Rocha

Andrade

Guarieiro³

et al. 2013

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 25/7/13; aceito em 21/10/13; publicado na web em 01/11/2013 CHEMISTRY WITHOUT BORDERS: THE ENERGY CHALLENGES. Coal, natural gas and petroleum-based liquid fuels are still the most widely used energy sources in modern society. The current scenario contrasts with the foreseen shortage of petroleum that was spread out in the beginning of the XXI century, when the concept of "energy security" emerged as an urgent agenda to ensure a good balance between energy supply and demand. Much beyond protecting refineries and oil ducts from terrorist attacks, these issues soon developed to a portfolio of measures related to process sustainability, involving at least three fundamental dimensions: (a) the need for technological breakthroughs to improve energy production worldwide; (b) the improvement of energy efficiency in all sectors of modern society; and (c) the increase of the social perception that education is a key-word towards a better use of our energy resources. Together with these technological, economic or social issues, "energy security" is also strongly influenced by environmental issues involving greenhouse gas emissions, loss of biodiversity in environmentally sensitive areas, pollution and poor solid waste management. For these and other reasons, the implementation of more sustainable practices in our currently available industrial facilities and the search for alternative energy sources that could partly replace the fossil fuels became a major priority throughout the world. Regarding fossil fuels, the main technological bottlenecks are related to the exploitation of less accessible petroleum resources such as those in the pre-salt layer, ranging from the proper characterization of these deep-water oil reservoirs, the development of lighter and more efficient equipment for both exploration and exploitation, the optimization of the drilling techniques, the achievement of further improvements in production yields and the establishment of specialized training programs for the technical staff. The production of natural gas from shale is also emerging in several countries but its production in large scale has several problems ranging from the unavoidable environmental impact of shale mining as well as to the bad consequences of its large scale exploitation in the past. The large scale use of coal has similar environmental problems, which are aggravated by difficulties in its proper characterization. Also, the mitigation of harmful gases and particulate matter that are released as a result of combustion is still depending on the development of new gas cleaning technologies including more efficient catalysts to improve its emission profile. On the other hand, biofuels are still struggling to fulfill their role in reducing our high dependence on fossil fuels. Fatty acid alkyl esters (biodiesel) from vegetable oils and ethanol from cane sucrose and corn starch are mature technologies whose market share is partially limited by the availability of their raw materials. For this reason, there has been a great ef...

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Catalisadores heterogêneos para a produção de monoésteres graxos (biodiesel)

Cited by 86 publications

References 53 publications

The impressive chemistry, applications and features of ionic liquids: properties, catalysis & catalysts and trends

The impressive chemistry, applications and features of ionic liquids: properties, catalysis & catalysts and trends

Pure and Al-doped ZnO obtained by the modified Pechini method applied in ethanolic transesterification of cottonseed oil

Química Sem Fronteiras: o desafio da energia

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