Cat genotype Tritrichomonas foetus survives passage through the alimentary tract of two common slug species

Saag, Matthew van der; McDonell, Denise; Šlapeta, Jan

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.11.054

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The ability of the parasite to survive outside the host may be an important factor in the epidemiology of the disease, especially in places with an overpopulation of cats. This survivability also suggests that self and mutual grooming by cats and fecal contamination of the environment are important factors in the epidemiology of the disease (HALE et al, 2009;VAN DER SAAG et al, 2010).…”

Section: Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 92%

What is known about Tritrichomonas foetus infection in cats?

Bastos

Mendes-de-Almeida

Brener

2019

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Tritrichomonas foetus is a parasite that has been definitively identified as an agent of trichomonosis, a disease characterized by chronic diarrhea. T. foetus colonizes portions of the feline large intestine, and manifests as chronic and recurrent diarrhea with mucus and fresh blood, which is often unresponsive to common drugs. Diagnosis of a trichomonad infection is made by either the demonstration of the trophozoite on a direct fecal smear, fecal culture and subsequent microscopic examination of the parasite, or extraction of DNA in feces and amplification by the use of molecular tools. T. foetus is commonly misidentified as other flagellate protozoa such as Giardia duodenalis and Pentatrichomonas hominis. Without proper treatment, the diarrhea may resolve spontaneously in months to years, but cats can remain carriers of the parasite. This paper intends to serve as a source of information for investigators and veterinarians, reviewing the most important aspects of feline trichomonosis, such as trichomonad history, biology, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, world distribution, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment.

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Section: Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 92%

What is known about Tritrichomonas foetus infection in cats?

Bastos

Mendes-de-Almeida

Brener

2019

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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“…It would be more relevant to find out how long the organisms would survive in diarrheic feces, which is currently unavailable. In another experiment cat food was spiked, the pathogens were cultivable for five consecutive days when MDM was used [ 30 ]. Similarly T. foetus trophozoites survived more than 3 h in feline urine and sauced cat food, 2 h on ground cat food although only half an hour in tap or distilled water [ 31 ].…”

Section: Survival Of Trophozoites In the Environment And Possible mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One hundred percent and 83% of the Leopard slugs and the Yellow cellar slugs shed viable T. foetus in their feces, respectively, which was cultivable in MDM. Therefore slugs may facilitate the transmission of T. foetus among cats [ 30 ] as a vector. It is also plausible that these slugs may serve as transport hosts upon accidental ingestion by cats, which needs to be confirmed.…”

Section: Survival Of Trophozoites In the Environment And Possible mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tritrichomonas foetus infection, a cause of chronic diarrhea in the domestic cat

Yao

Köster

2015

Vet Res

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Tritrichomonas foetus is a very intriguing trichomonad protozoan with respect to its varied choice of residence in the different host species. It is an obligate parasite of the reproductive and the gastrointestinal tract of bovine and feline host respectively, leading to trichomonosis. Bovine trichomonosis is a sexually transmitted disease whereas feline trichomonosis is a disease with a purported fecal-oral route of spread. Further, the trichomonad is a commensal in the nasal passages, stomach, cecum and colon of swine host. Advances have been exponential in understanding the trichomonad biology and specifically feline trichomonosis since late 1990s and early 2000s when T. foetus was soundly determined to be a causative agent of chronic diarrhea in the domestic cat. It is a challenging task, even for a skilled investigator not to mention the busy clinical veterinarian, to keep up with the vast volume of information. Here we comprehensively reviewed the trichomonad biology, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, host immunity, world map of distribution, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment. Risk factors associated with T. foetus-positive status in the domestic cat include young age, purebred, history of diarrhea, co-infections with other enteral pathogens. In addition, molecular similarity of bovine and feline isolates of T. foetus in DNA sequence was concisely discussed. The data presented serve as an information source for veterinarians, and investigators who are interested in biology of T. foetus and feline trichomonosis.

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“…This has the potential to create an environment whereby a known reservoir of infection is shedding large amounts of the infectious agent in question. T. foetus is a protozoan known to persist in the environment for long periods of time (Hale et al, 2009;Van der Saag et al, 2011). Increased environmental T. foetus contamination creates a long-term persistent problem.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fulminant Tritrichomonas foetus ‘feline genotype’ infection in a 3-month old kitten associated with viral co-infection

Setyo

Donahoe

Šlapeta

2019

Veterinary Parasitology

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Tritrichomonas foetus is a flagellate protist which commonly causes a waxing and waning large bowel diarrhoea in young cats. We report severe T. foetus infection of the colon, cecum and ileum with concurrent feline enteric coronavirus (FCoV) and feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) in a 3-month-old Bengal kitten with an 8-day history of vomiting, diarrhoea, failure to thrive and coughing. Protozoa filling the lumen and crypts and occasional invading into lamina propria were identified within the affected colon and confirmed by PCR as T. foetus 'feline genotype'. Assessment of faeces by PCR revealed concurrent infection with FCoV and FPV. It is possible that immunosuppression by FPV played a role in the unprecedented T. foetus infection intensity observed histologically. Studies during and after resolution of FPV infection, will be critical to determine if T. foetus co-infection affects long-term prognosis of FPV survivors. PathologyThe carcase was submitted to the Veterinary Pathology Diagnostic Services of the University of Sydney for postmortem and histopathological examination. A complete postmortem examination was performed and samples were collected and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and processed for histopathology. Sections (4 μm) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Periodic acid-Schiff stain (PAS), Giemsa stain and Grocott's methenamine silver stain. Molecular diagnosticsA faecal sample was submitted for the IDEXX Feline Diarrhoea

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Cat genotype Tritrichomonas foetus survives passage through the alimentary tract of two common slug species

Cited by 17 publications

References 22 publications

What is known about Tritrichomonas foetus infection in cats?

What is known about Tritrichomonas foetus infection in cats?

Tritrichomonas foetus infection, a cause of chronic diarrhea in the domestic cat

Fulminant Tritrichomonas foetus ‘feline genotype’ infection in a 3-month old kitten associated with viral co-infection

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