Castor oil hydrogenation by a catalytic hydrogen transfer system using limonene as hydrogen donor

Martinelli, Márcia; Schneider, Rosana de Cássia de Souza; Baldissarelli, Vanessa Zanon; Holleben, Maria Luiza von; Caramão, Elina Bastos

doi:10.1007/s11746-005-1067-4

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Limonene is the commonly used hydrogen donor . Other reagents used as hydrogen donors include alcohols, hydroaromatics, formic acid, methanol, and cyclohexane …”

Section: Castor Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of castor oil–based polymers: A review

Nekhavhambe

Mukaya

Nkazi

2019

J Adv Manuf & Process

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Vegetable oils are a vital commodity in the industry because of the persisting challenges encountered with the utilization of fossil fuels, specifically petroleum. Petroleum-based polymers are a part of our day to day life, thus it is of importance to find sustainable ways to produce such indispensable commodities. Although various vegetable oils have been utilized to produce polymers, castor oil surpasses other vegetable oils, as it does not compete with the food industry as it is nonedible and as it is a natural polyol and has been used for polyurethane synthesis. Because of the versatility of castor oil chemistry, polymers such as epoxies, polyamides, and polyesters can be synthesized. The review focuses on the importance of castor oil toward the synthesis of various polymers and their versatile applications. K E Y W O R D Scastor oil, castor oil chemistry, epoxy nanocomposite, polyester, polyurethane

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“…Limonene is the commonly used hydrogen donor . Other reagents used as hydrogen donors include alcohols, hydroaromatics, formic acid, methanol, and cyclohexane …”

Section: Castor Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of castor oil–based polymers: A review

Nekhavhambe

Mukaya

Nkazi

2019

J Adv Manuf & Process

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“…Usually, hydrogenation utilizes palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir), copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) as catalysts. Although nickel is the least expensive, palladium has been preferred for CTH, because of its higher efficiency and its selectivity with respect to reaction products [8]. The order of catalyst activity is Pd>Rh>Pt>Ru>Ni>Cu.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrogen donor source could be inferred from water (H 2 O), organic solvents, or a combination of both sources [29]. Limonene was considered as one of promising hydrogen donors because it provided acid conversion up to 100% on hydrogenation of castor oil [8]. Meanwhile, 1:3 optimum ratio of oil/limonene was reported on hydrogenation of sunflower oil [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Temperature Catalytic-Transfer Hydrogenation of Candlenut Oil

Hadiah¹,

Soerawidjaja²,

Subagjo³

et al. 2017

International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology

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Fatty acids containing more than one double bond (polyunsaturated fatty acids) indicated by high iodine value (more than 120 g I 2 /100 g oil) are prone either to oxidative degradation or thermal degradation leading to the appearance of undesirable compounds or to thermal oligo-/polymerization causing gum formation. Therefore, polyunsaturated bonds in the fatty acid chains should be hydrogenated into monounsaturated ones. The conventional method using hydrogen (direct hydrogenation) at relatively high temperature and pressure with the aid of nickel as a catalyst, which prone to explosion due to the presence of free gaseous hydrogen at high temperature and pressure. Catalytic transfer-hydrogenation (CTH) therefore is proposed as a promising alternative method, enabling CTH at room condition without the presence of free hydrogen. This research is focused on exploring effects of temperature and reaction time to iodine value reduction on CTH of candlenut oil, including the kinetics of its methyl ester. The hydrogenation utilizes Ag-Ni/silica 150 Å as catalyst and potassium formate (6M) as hydrogen donor. Three reaction temperatures were selected (40 o C, 60 o C, and 78 o C), where each reaction was performed for 4, 8, 12 and 16 hours. Hydrogenation was performed in a batch reactor using isopropyl alcohol as a solvent. Results showed that iodine values decreased with the increase of temperature and longer reaction time. The iodine value was still decreasing at 16 hours reaction time, indicating the possibility of longer reaction time. However, at 16 hours time, the iodine value yield has been within standard biodiesel range (Indonesian National Standard). The hydrogenation was first order reaction towards methyl ester double bonds concentration. K o and E for candlenut methyl ester were 163.15/hour and 25.26 kJ/mol.

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“…Some researchers worked on batch hydrogenation of castor oil [3][4][5][6][7][8], however, not much literature is reported on continuous hydrogenation of CME or ECME [9]. Enriched ricinoleic content with more hydroxyl value is an added advantage in the preparation of many useful industrial products with enhanced desired properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Factorial Design of Experiments for the Continuous Hydrogenation of Enriched Castor Oil Methyl Esters

Neeharika

Rani

Rao

et al. 2013

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

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Castor oil methyl esters contains nearly 90% ricinoleic acid (12-hydroxy-cis-9-octadecenoic acid). Hydrogenated castor oil methyl esters finds several applications in coating, lubricants formulations and pharmaceutical areas. The present study reports a fast, simple, efficient and continuous hydrogenation of enriched castor oil methyl ester (ECME) using 10% Pd/C catalyst at different pressures and temperatures. The range of process conditions for this study varied from 30-60 °C, 5-15 bar with constant flow rate of 15 ml/min. The products were analyzed for fatty acid composition and iodine value (IV). The optimized parameters were found to be a temperature of 30 °C, pressure 5 bar, and flow rate of 15 ml/min where maximum hydrogenation of 98.47 % was obtained and the product showed an iodine value of 3.19.

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Castor oil hydrogenation by a catalytic hydrogen transfer system using limonene as hydrogen donor

Cited by 20 publications

References 23 publications

Development of castor oil–based polymers: A review

Development of castor oil–based polymers: A review

Low Temperature Catalytic-Transfer Hydrogenation of Candlenut Oil

Application of Factorial Design of Experiments for the Continuous Hydrogenation of Enriched Castor Oil Methyl Esters

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