“…Ni has been known as the most important element in multicomponent Al-Si piston alloys and Ni-rich phases are the main strengthening phases [2,[9][10][11][12], because Ni-rich phases can maintain good mechanical properties at elevated temperature and have great contribution to the elevated-temperature strength [9]. Unfortunately, Ni is very expensive, so it is meaningful and practical to add much cheaper elements such as Fe, Mn and Cr to form thermalstable phases for improving the elevated-temperature properties of Al-Si piston alloys.…”