Castilla-La Mancha neutron monitor

Medina, J.; Blanco, J. J.; García, O. Boente; Gómez-Herrero, R.; Catalán, Edwin; García, Ignacio; Hidalgo, M. A.; Meziat, D.; Prieto, Manuel; Rodrı́guez-Pacheco, J.; Sánchez, S. F.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2013.06.028

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The design of the basic NM has changed very little over the years since its first development (see the review by Simpson, 2000), until the most recent implementation (e.g., Signoretti & Storini, 2011;Medina et al, 2013;Jung et al, 2016), consisting of an outer reflector (shielding the instrument from external thermal neutrons, while containing neutrons produced within the NM), a lead producer (producing additional low energy neutrons via nuclear interactions to increase the monitor's detection efficiency), and an inner moderator (thermalizing the newly produced neutrons). The thermal neutrons are then counted via pulses produced in a proportional counter tube, traditionally filled with either BF 3 or 3 He gas.…”

Section: Basic Neutron Monitor Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mini-neutron monitor: a new approach in neutron monitor design

Strauss

Poluianov

Merwe

et al. 2020

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

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The near-Earth cosmic ray flux has been monitored for more than 70 years by a network of ground-based neutron monitors (NMs). With the ever-increasing importance of quantifying the radiation risk and effects of cosmic rays for, e.g., air and space-travel, it is essential to continue operating the existing NM stations, while expanding this crucial network. In this paper, we discuss a smaller and cost-effective version of the traditional NM, the mini-NM. These monitors can be deployed with ease, even to extremely remote locations, where they operate in a semi-autonomous fashion. We believe that the mini-NM, therefore, offers the opportunity to increase the sensitivity and expand the coverage of the existing NM network, making this network more suitable to near-real-time monitoring for space weather applications. In this paper, we present the technical details of the mini-NM's design and operation, and present a summary of the initial tests and science results.

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Section: Basic Neutron Monitor Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mini-neutron monitor: a new approach in neutron monitor design

Strauss

Poluianov

Merwe

et al. 2020

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

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“…The cosmic ray (CR) flux variations analyzed in this study are from the ground Castilla-La Mancha Neutron Monitor, CaLMa (Guadalajara, Spain, 40.63ºN, 3.15ºW, 708 m a.s.l.) (Medina et al, 2013). This station, with a vertical cut-off rigidity R c = 6.95 GV, gives a direct measurement of the CR arriving to the Iberian Peninsula (see also detailed descriptions in Morozova et al (2017)).…”

Section: Space Weather Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature and pressure variability in mid-latitude low atmosphere and stratosphere-ionosphere coupling

Morozova

Ribeiro

Blanco

et al. 2020

Advances in Space Research

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This study presents the continuation of our previous analysis of variations of atmospheric and space weather parameters above Iberian Peninsula along two years near the 24 th solar cycle maximum. In the previous paper (Morozova et al., 2017) we mainly discussed the first mode of principal component analysis of tropospheric and lower stratospheric temperature and pressure fields, which was shown to be correlated with lower stratospheric ozone and anti-correlated with cosmic ray flux. Now we extend the investigation to the second mode, which suggests a coupling between the stratosphere and the ionosphere.This second mode, located in the low and middle stratosphere (and explaining ~7% of temperature and ~3% of geopotential height variations), showed to be statistically significantly correlated with variations of the middle stratosphere ozone content and anti-correlated with variations of ionospheric total electron content. Similar co-variability of these stratospheric and ionospheric parameters was also obtained with the wavelet cross-coherence analysis.To investigate the role of atmospheric circulation dynamics and the causal nature of the found correlations, we applied the convergent cross mapping (CCM) analysis to our series. Strong evidence for the stratosphere-ionosphere coupling were obtained for the winter 2012-2013 that is characterized by the easterly QBO phase (quasi-biennial oscillations of the direction of the stratospheric zonal winds) and a strong SSW (sudden stratospheric warming event). Further analysis (for the three-year time interval 2012-2015) hint that SSWs events play main role in emphasizing the stratosphere-ionosphere coupling. IntroductionThe ionosphere is a partially ionized layer of the Earth's atmosphere located between the upper mesosphere (~ 60 km) and the lower exosphere (~ 900 km), where the UV and XR radiations and energetic particles of solar and cosmic origin are the main ionization sources. Understanding of variations of ionospheric parameters is not only scientifically important but also necessary from the practical and technological points of view. Variations in ionospheric plasma densities change conditions for the radio signal propagation and, consequently, affect the functioning of the satellite based communication, surveillance, and navigation systems (e.g., Kumar and Parkinson, 2017). In this paper we focus on the variations of the ionospheric conditions above the Iberian Peninsula middle latitudinal region.The ionosphere shows coupling both with the underlying neutral atmosphere and the overlying magnetosphere (Chapman and Bartels, 1951;Kazimirovsky and Kokourov, 1991). In its turn, electric currents running in the ionosphere cause variations of the ground measured geomagnetic field, e.g., well known "solar quiet" (Sq) daily variations (Chapman and Bartels, 1951;Matsushita, 1968;Yamazaki et al., 2016).The most widely used parameters characterizing ionospheric variable conditions are the total electron content (TEC, i.e. total number of electrons in a column of air of 1 m 2...

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“…Examples of such "nonsimultaneous" FD are presented in Oh et al [2008]. The CR flux variations analyzed in this study are from the ground Castilla-La Mancha Neutron Monitor, CaLMa (Guadalajara, Spain, 40.63°N, 3.15°W, 708 m asl) [Medina et al, 2013]. This station, with a vertical cutoff rigidity R c = 6.95 GV, gives a direct measurement of the CR arriving to the Iberian Peninsula.…”

Section: 1002/2016sw001582mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modes of temperature and pressure variability in midlatitude troposphere and lower stratosphere in relation to cosmic ray variations

2017

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The study is based on the analysis of atmospheric and space weather parameters in the midlatitude region (Iberian Peninsula) during, approximately, the epoch of the 24th solar cycle maximum. The principal component analysis was applied to sets of air temperature and geopotential height measurement at different pressure levels from a near‐ground level (930 hPa) to the stratosphere (up to 10 hPa). The analysis of extracted modes shows couplings between atmospheric and medium‐term variations (from weeks to months) of space weather parameters. The first mode of the atmospheric variability is related to the atmospheric dynamic processes that are common for the extratropical Northern Hemisphere. Extracted temperature and pressure variations are located in the upper troposphere‐lower stratosphere region and positively correlate with ozone content variations. Among space weather parameters, this atmospheric mode shows statistically significant negative correlation with the ground‐measured cosmic ray flux measured by the Castilla‐La Mancha neutron monitor (Spain) and weaker or no correlation with geomagnetic parameters.

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Castilla-La Mancha neutron monitor

Cited by 27 publications

References 19 publications

The mini-neutron monitor: a new approach in neutron monitor design

The mini-neutron monitor: a new approach in neutron monitor design

Temperature and pressure variability in mid-latitude low atmosphere and stratosphere-ionosphere coupling

Modes of temperature and pressure variability in midlatitude troposphere and lower stratosphere in relation to cosmic ray variations

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