Casticin suppresses RANKL‑induced osteoclastogenesis and prevents ovariectomy‑induced bone loss by regulating the AKT/ERK and NF‑κB signaling pathways

Abstract

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic disease that chronically endangers public health and is typically characterized by low bone mineral density and marked bone fragility. The excessive bone resorption activity of osteoclasts is a major factor in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis; therefore, strategies aimed at inhibiting osteoclast activity may prevent bone decline and attenuate the process of osteoporosis. casticin (cas), a natural compound, has anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties. However, the role of cas in bone metabolism remains largely unclear. The present study found that the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κΒ (NF-κB) ligand-induced osteoclast activation and differentiation were inhibited by cas. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining revealed that cas inhibited osteoclast differentiation, and bone resorption pit assays demonstrated that Cas affected the function of osteoclasts. Cas significantly reduced the expression of osteoclast-specific genes and related proteins, such as nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1 and c-Fos at the mRNA and protein level in a concentration-dependent manner. cas inhibited osteoclast formation by blocking the AKT/ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways, according to the intracellular signaling analysis. The microcomputed tomography and tissue staining of tibiae from ovariectomized mice revealed that cas prevented the bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency and reduced osteoclast activity in vivo. Collectively, these findings indicated that Cas may be used to prevent osteoporosis.

Hypoxia-Inducible Factor and Oxidative Stress in Tendon Degeneration: A Molecular Perspective

“…Additionally, Casticin was found to alleviate inflammation in a knee osteoarthritis rat model. Casticin may improve knee osteoarthritis by inhibiting hypoxia and due to its anti-inflammatory capacity [47]. These findings indicate that the proper regulation of HIF-1α may be a viable strategy for the treatment of various musculoskeletal diseases, including tendinopathy (Table 1).…”

“…Researchers have proposed that in an anaerobic environment, HIF-1α may induce hedgehog signaling, but ASA VI may promote tendon repair by inhibiting HIF-1α and Shh expression in an autocrine manner [45]. The positive effects of HIF-1 inhibition in attenuating other musculoskeletal diseases (such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis) have been reported [46,47]. Meng and colleagues evaluated the efficacy of AMSP-30m (a HIF-1α inhibitor) in alleviating arthritic symptoms in an adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model.…”