Caste, class and gender in determining access to energy: A critical review of LPG adoption in India

Race and the politics of energy transitions

“…Scholarship on energy access can add useful insights here about who is left behind by energy transitions [57,58]. For example, Reames [59] explores racial disparities (among others) in fuel poverty in relation to urban residential heating, while Lyubich [60] identifies a 'race gap' in residential energy expenditures where black households have higher residential energy expenditures than white households in the US, even after controlling for things like income, household size, homeowner status, and city of residence.…”

“…Finally, race of course intimately intersects with gender, caste and class and many other exclusions [68,69,58], so the call here for further attention to race in the study of (energy) transitions is not a call to reify or fetishize race above all other social cleavages. while Pellow and Brulle claim 'Scholars cannot understand-and policymakers prevent-environmental injustices through a singularly focussed framework that emphasises one form of inequality to the exclusion of others' [70, p.297].…”

Improving women's energy access, rights and equitable sustainable development: a Ghanaian perspective

“…Thus, achieving universal access to sustainable forms of energy in order to enhance the livelihoods of people around the world remains an important objective (REN21, 2019). Moreover, without energy services, disadvantaged people will be excluded from those basic amenities and risk being relegated to poverty (Fathallah and Pyakurel, 2020;Patnaik and Jha, 2020). Reversing this trend and improving access to sustainable energy is crucial, but requires political commitment and the will to set goals for energy poverty alleviation (Patnaik and Jha, 2020).…”

“…Moreover, without energy services, disadvantaged people will be excluded from those basic amenities and risk being relegated to poverty (Fathallah and Pyakurel, 2020;Patnaik and Jha, 2020). Reversing this trend and improving access to sustainable energy is crucial, but requires political commitment and the will to set goals for energy poverty alleviation (Patnaik and Jha, 2020). Energy improves the well-being of women and men by making the production of goods possible, as well as through the provision of services, such as water, health, education and communications (Emmons Allison et al, 2019;OECD, 2019).…”

“…According to Ganle et al (2015), women continue to shoulder the major responsibilities of household roles even though they are also actively engaged in the paid workforce in Ghana. Gender-responsive energy sector frameworks include considerations of the differentiated sociocultural experiences, as well as the needs and priorities, of women and men in order to overcome gender biases and integrate actions to promote gender equality and women's empowerment (Emmons Allison et al, 2019;Patnaik and Jha, 2020).…”