Cassiae semen: A review of its phytochemistry and pharmacology

Dong, Xiaoxv; Fu, Jing; Yin, Xingbin; Yang, Chenlu; Zhang, Xin; Wang, Wenping; Du, Xueying; Wang, Qingling; Ni, Jian

doi:10.3892/mmr.2017.6880

Cited by 61 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…A number of studies have used UPLC-MS/MS to detect novel compounds in the co-culture of human or rat intestinal microflora and the cassia seed decoction (20,35). The cassia seed contains a number of chemical components, including anthraquinones and tannins (12). Although the cassia seed contains a large amount of anthraquinones, anthraquinones are also present in a number of other traditional Chinese medicines, including rhubarb (Rheum palmatum L.) (12,35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cassia seed contains a number of chemical components, including anthraquinones and tannins (12). Although the cassia seed contains a large amount of anthraquinones, anthraquinones are also present in a number of other traditional Chinese medicines, including rhubarb (Rheum palmatum L.) (12,35). The biotransformation of anthraquinone metabolites under the action of the intestinal microflora has been previously investigated using tUPLC-QTOF/MS (35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The seed displays extensive pharmacological actions, for example, modern pharmacological research has reported that the cassia seed possesses antibacterial activity (10,11). Beyond the purgative action of the cassia seed, it has also been reported to decrease blood pressure and alleviate hyperlipidemia (12), protect the liver (13), improve immunity (14) and display anti-inflammatory (15) and neuroprotective effects in models of Parkinson's disease (16,17). The cassia seed is commonly used in the treatment of hypertension, fatty liver and constipation (12,13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beyond the purgative action of the cassia seed, it has also been reported to decrease blood pressure and alleviate hyperlipidemia (12), protect the liver (13), improve immunity (14) and display anti-inflammatory (15) and neuroprotective effects in models of Parkinson's disease (16,17). The cassia seed is commonly used in the treatment of hypertension, fatty liver and constipation (12,13). At present, research into the pharmacodynamic properties of the cassia seed has primarily focused on the anthraquinone compounds of the seed, which are related to its effect on diarrhea (18,19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolite identification of gut microflora‑cassia seed interactions using UPLC‑QTOF/MS

et al. 2020

Exp Ther Med

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Cassia seed is the dried ripe seed of Cassia obtusifolia L. or Cassia tora L., which is widely used as a food or traditional Chinese medicine. The aim of the present study was to detect the components and metabolites in the culture of human or rat intestinal microflora suspension with the water decoction of cassia seed in vitro, using an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry system equipped with a negative ion scan mode. Initially, ellagic acid was identified in the cassia seed decoction. Subsequently, six different metabolites, including urolithin (uro)-A, uro-B, uro-D, uro-M6, uro-M7 and uro-B-glucuronide (glur), were detected after co-culture of the cassia seed decoction with intestinal microflora, but not in the cassia seed decoction alone. Uro-M6, uro-M7, uro-A and uro-B were common metabolites in the culture of human or rat intestinal microflora suspension with the water decoction of cassia seed. However, uro-D was only detected in the culture of rat intestinal microflora suspension with the water decoction of cassia seed, and uro-B-glur was only detected in the culture of human intestinal microflora with the water decoction of cassia seed. The uro and intermediate metabolites were produced by ellagic acid in the cassia seed decoction under the action of the intestinal microflora. The production of metabolites might be related to the abundance and diversity of the intestinal microflora in humans and rats. The present study provided rationale for further pharmacological and clinical studies on the mechanisms of action of cassia seeds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolite identification of gut microflora‑cassia seed interactions using UPLC‑QTOF/MS

et al. 2020

Exp Ther Med

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“…Ot can enter the liver meridian, and acts as a good medicine in clearing liver and improving vision and relaxing bowels (Zhou et al, 2017). On addition, Semen cassiae can be used to for the treatment of cataracts, retinitis, optic nerve atrophy, glaucoma, conjunctivitis and other ophthalmic diseases (Dong et al, 2017). Polysaccharide is one of the main components of Semen cassiae (Cheng et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects and mechanisms of water-soluble Semen cassiae polysaccharide on retinitis pigmentosa in rats

Meng

et al. 2020

Food Sci. Technol

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This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of water-soluble Semen cassiae polysaccharide (SCP) on retinitis pigmentosa (RP) in rats. Dne hundred rats were randomly divided into control, model, and 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg SCP groups. The 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg SCP groups were treated with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg SCP for 5 days, respectively. Dn the sixth day, the model, and 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg SCP groups were treated with N-nitroso-N-methylurea (MNU). After 12 h and 5 days, the electroretinogram, retinal thickness, apoptosis of retinal photoreceptor cells, and expressions of apoptosis related protein in retina tissue were determined. Results showed that, after 12 h and on 5 days from MNU treatment, compared with model group, the a-wave and b-wave amplitude and retinal thickness in SCP groups were significantly increased, the apoptosis rate of retinal photoreceptor cells was significantly decreased, the Bcl-2 protein expression level in retinal tissue was significantly increased, and the Bax and Caspase-3 protein level were significantly decreased (all P < 0.05). On conclusion, SCP has obvious protective effects on RP in rats. The mechanism may be related to it regulation of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 protein expression in retina tissue.Practical Application: Water-soluble polysaccharide isolated from Semen cassiae may be applied to prevention and treatment of retinitis pigmentosa.

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Nine components pharmacokinetic study of rat plasma after oral administration raw and prepared Semen Cassiae in normal and acute liver injury rats

Yang

Xie

Peng

et al. 2019

J of Separation Science

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In China, Semen Cassiae has long been used to protect liver, brighten eyes, and relieve constipation. Prepared Semen Cassiae is produced from raw Semen Cassiae by processing, the two forms of Semen Cassiae have different clinical applications. Pathological state is an important factor affecting the efficacy of drugs, the pharmacokinetic behavior of drugs could be significantly changed when people or animal were under different pathological state. To clarify the effect of processing mechanism and pathological state for pharmacokinetic behavior, the pharmacokinetics of nine components of raw and prepared Semen Cassiae under normal and acute liver injury rats were examined. The results showed that the bimodal phenomenon appeared on the plasma concentration-time profiles of obtusin, emodin, chrysophanol, aloe emodin and rhein. The T max of aurantio-obtusin, obtusin, chrysoobtusin, emodin, chrysophanol, aloe emodin, physcion in normal groups administrated prepared Semen Cassiae were shorter than those administrated raw Semen Cassiae. For the AUC 0-t , aurantio-obtusin, obtusin, chrysoobtusin, chrysophanol, aloe emodin and physcione in model groups administrated prepared Semen Cassiae were significantly higher than other groups, unlike above components, rhein had poor absorption in model groups. The study would be useful for further studies on pharmacokinetics and clinical application of raw and prepared Semen Cassiae. K E Y W O R D Smass spectrometry, pharmacokinetics, processing technology, semen cassiae, traditional chinese medicine

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Cassiae semen: A review of its phytochemistry and pharmacology

Cited by 61 publications

References 60 publications

Metabolite identification of gut microflora‑cassia seed interactions using UPLC‑QTOF/MS

Metabolite identification of gut microflora‑cassia seed interactions using UPLC‑QTOF/MS

Effects and mechanisms of water-soluble Semen cassiae polysaccharide on retinitis pigmentosa in rats

Nine components pharmacokinetic study of rat plasma after oral administration raw and prepared Semen Cassiae in normal and acute liver injury rats

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