Cassava Growth Analysis of Production during the Off‐Season of Paddy Rice

Abstract

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) grown in upper paddy fields after rice (Oryza sativa L.) could increase cassava yield and improve land use efficiency. The objective of this study was to evaluate growth, yield, and starch content of four cassava genotypes grown after the harvest of rice in upper paddy fields in Thailand. Four cassava genotypes—cultivars Kasetsart 50, Rayong 9, and Rayong 11—and line CMR38‐125‐77 were evaluated during the 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 growing seasons for five environments. Each experiment had a randomized complete block design with four replications. Soil characteristics were assessed prior to planting, and crop growth and development and local weather conditions were recorded during the experiments. Environment affected all traits, but genotype and genotype × environment effects were nonsignificant for starch content at 180 d after planting (DAP) and for leaf growth rate (LGR) at 120 to 180 DAP. Average storage root dry weights across five environments were 4301, 3933, 3128, and 5824 kg ha−1 for Kasetsart 50, Rayong 9, Rayong 11, and CMR38‐125‐77, respectively. CMR38‐125‐77 was the most stable genotype for storage root fresh and dry weights, and total dry weight. Physiological determinants of both storage root yield and total biomass of cassava were crop growth rate (CGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) for 30 to 90 DAP and LGR, stem growth rate (SGR), CGR, and NAR for 120 to 180 DAP, as well as storage root growth rate (SRGR) for 90 to 180 DAP. Leaf growth rate during 120 to 180 DAP is likely to be a new criterion for supporting cassava varietal selection. This investigation showed the feasibility of growing cassava between paddy rice seasons.

Physiology, Growth and Yield of Different Cassava Genotypes Planted in Upland with Dry Environment during High Storage Root Accumulation Stage

“…Kasetsart 50 is also one of interesting genotypes as it had high storage root dry weights at 360 DAP for both 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 (p < 0.01). The preferable performance of a CMR38-125-77 genotype based on biomass and yield in Thailand was recorded for planting under well water management [26], and under rainfed upper paddy field conditions during off-season of rice [14,27]. In addition to CMR38-125-77, the genotypes Rayong 7 and Rayong 9 also showed better performances of storage root and total dry weights at 180 DAP (at rainfall season) than at 270 and 360 DAP (during late rainy season and dry season) for both 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 (Table 1 and Figure 3), indicating a good response of these genotypes to well water conditions, and they would be recommended as the genetic resources for planting under irrigated condition.…”

The Impact of Seasonal Environments in a Tropical Savanna Climate on Forking, Leaf Area Index, and Biomass of Cassava Genotypes

“…A positive relationship between the LAI and cassava biomass has previously been reported [21,[25][26][27][28], and a LAI of 2.5-3.5 is optimum for the light interception and utilization of cassava, which allows for a balance between the top and storage root growth for maximum yield [29]. The performances of the Kasetsart 50, Rayong 9, Rayong 11, and CMR38-125-77 genotypes for a crop duration of 180 DAP have been evaluated under different upper paddy fields during the off-season of rice in Thailand, and CMR38-125-77 was found to be outstanding when compared with the other three cassava genotypes for the total biomass and storage root yield recorded [22,30]. A report by Phoncharoen et al [15] on the performances of these four cassava genotypes for the six different plating dates at Khon Kaen University, Thailand, showed that CMR38-125-77 is likely to be a good genotype with respect to the total crop and storage root dry weights at 360 DAP, for almost all of growing dates.…”

Image‐based root phenotyping links root architecture to micronutrient concentration in cassava

“…At present, Thai farmers select cassava varieties based on factors such as the amount of rainfall, tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, starch quality, market demand, etc. Early bulking cassava can be used as an alternative root crop grown in paddy fields (Sawatraksa et al, 2019) because it can increase net revenue, whereas some late bulking varieties such as R9 and R11 produce starch with better ethanol gain for the biofuel industry.…”

“…At present, Thai farmers select cassava varieties based on factors such as the amount of rainfall, tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, starch quality, market demand, etc. Early bulking cassava can be used as an alternative root crop grown in paddy fields (Sawatraksa et al, 2019) because it can increase net revenue, whereas some late bulking varieties such as R9 and R11 produce starch with better ethanol gain for the biofuel industry. Our observationof enhanced micronutrient concentration in late bulking cassava varieties provides a novel aspect that could be implemented into cassava breeding programs in Thailand, South‐East Asia, and sub‐Saharan Africa, and might be an important contribution to a future solution to nutrient deficiencies (Ghislain, Muzhingi, Muzhingi, & Low, 2019; Graham, Senadhira, Senadhira, Beebe, Iglesias, & Monasterio, 1999).…”