Cassava foliage affects the microbial diversity of Chinese indigenous geese caecum using 16S rRNA sequencing

Abstract

Geese are extremely adept in utilizing plant-derived roughage within their diet. However, the intestinal microbiome of geese remains limited, especially the dietary effect on microbial diversity. Cassava foliage was widely used in animal feed, but little information is available for geese. In this study, the geese were fed with control diet (CK), experimental diet supplemented with 5% cassava foliage (CF5) or 10% (CF10) for 42 days, respectively. The cecal samples were collected after animals were killed. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to investigate the microbial diversity in the caecum of geese with different dietary supplements. Taxonomic analysis indicated that the predominant phyla were distinct with different dietary treatments. The phyla Firmicutes (51.4%), Bacteroidetes (29.55%) and Proteobacteria (7.90%) were dominant in the CK group, but Bacteroidetes (65.19% and 67.29%,) Firmicutes (18.01% and 17.39%), Proteobacteria (8.72% and 10.18%), Synergistete (2.51% and 1.76%) and Spirochaetes (2.60% and 1.46%) were dominant in CF5 and CF10 groups. The abundance of Firmicutes was negatively correlated with the supplementation of cassava foliage. However, the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were positively correlated with the supplementation of cassava foliage. Our study also revealed that the microbial communities were significantly different at genus levels. Genes related to nutrient and energy metabolism, immunity and signal transduction pathways were primarily enriched by the microbiome.

Silage fermentation, chemical composition and ruminal degradation of king grass, cassava foliage and their mixture

“…Most of gramineae grasses were low in nutritional value as they have high moisture and fiber content but low protein content. In contrary, legume and foliage normally have low moisture and high protein content (Li, Zhou, Pan et al, ; Li, Zhou, Zi et al, ; Syahniar, Ridla, Jayanegara, & Samsudin, ). Their mixtures as silage have good fermentation quality and balanced nutrients.…”

“…Its foliage contains high protein content, gross energy and mineral elements and can be used as animal feed (Napasirth, Napasirth, Sulinthone, Phommachanh, & Cai, ). Many studies have explored the effects of cassava foliage (CF) on diet of goats, sheep, pig and poultry and found that it could positively affect the growth performance, carcass characteristics, digestion and digestive organ development (Borin, Lindberg, & Ogle, ; Fasae, Adu, Aina, & Dipeolu, ; Li, Zhou, Pan et al, ; Nguyen, Ngoan, Bosch, Verstegen, & Hendriks, ; Oni, Arigbede, Oni, & Onwuka, ; Régnier, Bocage, & Archimède, ). The CF is generally used for animals in fresh or silage, and the fermentation quality of cassava silages without additive is acceptable (Man & Wiktorsson, ; Napasirth et al, ).…”

Microbial community diversity of Jinghong laying hens at peak production based on 16S rRNA sequencing

“…Liu et al (2011) analysed the microbial diversity of geese caecum at the class level using 16S rRNA clone library approach, and the caecal microbiome of geese are dominantly occupied by 58.7% Clostridia (Firmicutes), 26.9% Bacteroidetes (Bacteroidetes) and 11.2% Erysipelotrichi (Firmicutes), showing similar results with the caecal microbiome of chickens. Li et al (2017) identified the microbial diversity of caecal samples from geese using high-throughput sequencing and reported that the phylum Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Synergistete, Spirochaetes and Actinobacteria were identified as the dominant bacteria in the caecal microbiome of geese.…”

Peer Review #1 of "Early-life intestinal microbiome in Trachemys scripta elegans analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing (v0.1)"

“…Many studies have shown that Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria are numerically dominant phyla in the gut microbiome of animals (Thomas et al 2011), including humans (Qin et al 2010), wild-captured green turtles (Chelonia mydas) (Ahasan et al 2017), loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) (Abdelrhman et al 2016), doves, waterfowls and geese (Hird et al 2015;Li et al 2017) and other vertebrates (Ley et al 2008). In the present study, although Proteobacteria made up a large proportion of the sequences in the intestinal microbiome of 0-day turtles, overall, the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the most ubiquitous and common, which is consistent with previous reports.…”

“…The microbial community in the gastrointestinal tract has a major role to play in several physiology processes of the host, such as maintaining intestinal microecological balance, promoting host health, and providing nutrients (Chung et al 2012;Kahrstrom et al 2016;Mohd Shaufi et al 2015;Yamashiro 2017). In addition, the gut microbiome is also associated with gut disease, feed conversion, parasite colonization, and immune system activity of the host (Li et al 2017;Singh et al 2012). Gut microbes can prevent the overgrowth of gut pathogens by building a natural barrier, called 'colonization resistance' that can inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria by occupying the same ecological niche (Buffie & Pamer 2013;Ducarmon et al 2019;Scott et al 2015).…”