Cassava: A Basic Energy Source in the Tropics

Abstract

PREFACEThis Handbook is the result of a combined effort by several current and previous cassava researchers at CIAT to review and summarize the most important results of cassava research during the past 40 years. Most of the chapters are based on the various presentations during the Regional Cassava Training Course, held in Thailand from October 6 to 17, 2008. This course was organized upon the realization that many people that were actively involved with cassava research in the 1970s and 80s, both at CIAT and in national programs, have now retired or will soon do so, and that a whole new generation of cassava researchers are currently being hired to take their place.As cassava is now becoming a very important, and mostly industrial, crop in Asia, there are many new opportunities, but also a host of new problems and challenges. These include the appearance in Asia of new cassava diseases and pests; the decreasing availability and increasing cost of rural labor, resulting in the need for partial or complete mechanization of cassava production; the rapidly increasing demand for cassava roots for production of food, feed and fuel, and the unavailability in many countries of new land for any expansion of cassava area, thus requiring a rapid increase in cassava yields to increase supplies. This requires a renewed focus on cassava research for the development of new higher-yielding varieties and more sustainable production practices.While many cassava researchers in national programs in Asia received individual or group training at CIAT-Colombia during the 1970s and 80s, this training was greatly reduced during the following two decades due to funding limitations. Thus, the objective of the Regional Cassava Training Course in 2008 was to provide a new training opportunity for young scientists in Asian countries, and to hand over the knowledge and experience of the older cassava researchers, mostly from CIAT, to a new generation that will have to face the new challenges. Thus, the course was taught mostly by current or already retired CIAT cassava researchers, while the 60-plus participants of the course included cassava researchers from Cambodia, China, East Timor, India, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. The training course not only provided knowledge -from physiology and biotechnology to animal feeding and production of fuelethanol -but also an opportunity for people from different institutions and countries to get to know each other, which will greatly facilitate future collaboration.Course participants returned home with a CD containing the PowerPoint presentations of the course. However, it was felt that a more comprehensive review of all the topics covered was warranted, as this would provide more in-depth knowledge for those working in the various specialized fields. Most of this information is available in many refereed journals, in workshop proceedings and old CIAT annual reports, but many of these are now out of print or otherwise difficult to obtain. Thus, the Cas...

Quantitative Estimation of Hydrogen Cyanide in Fresh and Cooked Tuber Parenchyma (Pulp) of Three Cultivars of Sweet Cassava Cultivars Grown in Some Parts of Benue State, Nigeria

“…Furthermore, good agronomical practices will increase the yield of these sweet cultivars [28] which have been shown to have minimal cyanide content and their cultivation encouraged. This would reduce the risk that is usually associated with high content of residual cyanide that remains during processing of the bitter cultivars especially during dry season (January-June) when water scarcity could lead to inadequate processing of cassava products to safer residual limits.…”

Development of a miniaturized selective counting strategy of lactic acid bacteria for evaluation of mixed starter in a model cassava fermentation

“…This could be overcome by the use of a than 500 million people (Cock 1982) and is a typical crop lactic acid bacteria starter to control fermentation and proin developing countries. Cassava is considered to be a key duce high quality products.…”

Poverty and eosinophilia are risk factors for endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) in Uganda

“…Cassava diets in experimental animals have been associated with heart and vascular damage, conditions worsened by protein deficiency (Sandhyamani 1992;Akanji & Fumuyiwa 1993;Kamalu 1993;Sezi 1996). Cassava is ingested worldwide, however (Cock 1982), and if cardiotoxic, local factors such as soil geochemistry (Valiathan et al 1986) or preparation methods (Rosling & Tylleskar 1995) may be important. An alternative explanation is that cassava is another marker of poverty not fully adjusted by confounders, particularly given the age imbalance between cases and controls in the younger age range.…”